Bereits während seines Wahlkampfes 2018 stellte Jair Bolsonaro einen grundlegenden Wandel in der brasilianischen Außenpolitik in Aussicht. Seit Bolsonaro am 1. Januar 2019 sein Amt als Präsident Brasiliens antrat, ist der außenpolitische Wandel weiterhin im Diskurs präsent und lässt sich...

Competition law may play an important role in drug pricing control by containing high prices derived from economic violations. Since the use of competition tools is not limited by the TRIPS Agreement or other international binding disciplines, there is ample policy room to explore how countries,...

When agricultural productivity improves, farmers may react by expanding farming and further encroach on forest lands, or they may choose to intensify and produce more output with less land. We specify the conditions under which agricultural productivity can have such ambiguous effects on...

Affirmative action in higher education may lead to mismatch, a situation where students benefiting from preferential admission struggle with their college-level work because of poor precollege academic preparation. In the United States, those students can switch majors if they underperform in...

The intensification of agricultural systems (e.g., cropping of vegetables) to supply the world population demand for food has increased over the last decades. In Brazil, the largest area of vegetable cropping systems is in Oxisols within the Cerrado biome. These areas are characterized by...

We study how carbon pricing has affected inflation ex-post, using dynamic panel estimation of New-Keynesian Phillips curves for 35 OECD economies from 1995 to 2020. As carbon pricing we consider prices of emissions trading systems (ETS) and carbon taxes. We find that an increase in prices of ETS...

We study the lasting repercussions of the 1918 influenza (‘Spanish Flu’) pandemic on healthmeasures and literacy rates in Sao Paulo, Brazil, the most populous city in South Americatoday, but significantly poorer a century ago. Leveraging temporal and spatial variation indistrict-level...

This paper examines the impacts of emergency cash transfers on individuals' social distancing behaviour and beliefs about COVID-19. We focus on the impacts of 'Auxilio Emergencial' (AE): a large-scale cash-transfer in Brazil, targeting low-income individuals who were unemployed or informally...

This article addresses application of copyright protection to sports video games, discusses relevant important issues, and is aimed at disclosing intellectual property approaches applicable to the various elements of that entertainment and sports technology. The main focus is put on issues such...

We study talent allocation in an economy where teachers play a crucial role in forming the workforce’s human capital. We define a Roy model with an externality in the occupational choice because teachers’ quantity and quality are essential to workers’ human capital. Then, when individuals...

Can anti-dumping tariffs increase employment? To answer this question we compile data on all anti-dumping (AD) investigations in Brazil, which we match to firm-level administrative employment information. Using difference-in-differences, we estimate the effect of AD tariffs on trade, the...

DI1 futures are referenced against one-day interbank deposits (CDI) in the Brazilian onshore market. They have an underlying rate R computed as the average of 1D CDI rates compounded daily on a Bus/252 day count basis, where Bus/252 is equivalent to Act/252.Futures are short interest rate...

The article explores why Brazil’s social contribution PIS/COFINS, one of the many VAT-type taxes within the country’s consumption tax regime, urgently needs reform, noting that none of the recent reform attempts have gained enough support to be implemented

During the Brazilian hyperinflation period (1980-1994), several plans to control the inflation (stabilization plans) were implemented, relying on very diverse premises and a wide range of instruments of economic policy. Nevertheless, none of these plans had obtained success in the goal of...

While global attention is focused on fighting the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change remains a defining, long-term challenge that requires policies to create sustainable economies. This challenging task is increasingly gaining attention among policymakers worldwide, since climate change is...

The Covid-19 pandemic has had unequal effects around the world, not simply in terms of health prospects, but also in terms of economic and social consequences. In all these aspects, Brazil is among the most affected countries. This article aims to analyze the economic and social effects of the...

Brazil's pension system takes up an oversized proportion of its social protection spending. It comprises of Regime Geral de Previdéncia Social (RGPS), covering private sector workers, and over two thousand Regimes Pröprios de Previdéncia Social (RPPS), insuring public civil servants at...

After increasing for years and reaching high levels, Brazil's subjective well-being deteriorated following the economic contraction in 2015. Using data from the Gallup World Poll for the 2010s, this paper identifies the factors that underpin Brazil's subjective well-being and its change, paying...

As defined, a patent is an exclusive right granted to an inventor in exchange for a full disclosure of the invention. Now that AI machines are able to invent arts and science, compliance with the current patenting requirements has become very challenging when it comes to AI inventions. Moreover,...

The Amazon is an immense region and with several demands, it has one of the worst indicators of human development. So, this article argues that as long as the Amazon does not have a thriving economy in which it is more profitable to keep the forest standing, conservation measures will be...

How successful did the Brazilian Hereditary Captaincies done at the 16th century? Until recently, no data-oriented study has explored this question. In this article I use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to address this question, estimating several production possibility frontiers. The main...

This paper empirically assesses the impact of a discontinuous tax schedule on prices, markups and product assortment in the Brazilian automobile industry. To this end, I estimate a structural, equilibrium model of demand and supply for over a hundred different models and engine sizes of...

This paper studies the unintended long-run effects of a permanent agricultural shock led by agro-terrorism in Brazil on the education and labour market. We explore the witches' broom outbreak in cocoa farms in the world's second most important cocoa production region until 1989, the southeast of...

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks in cloven-hoofed animals cause substantial economic impacts because of animal depopulation, increased government spending on control, eradication and surveillance measures, and bans on international trade. This study employs a computable general equilibrium...