A key element of the Basel III reforms are stricter capital requirements, which have been im- plemented with varying degrees of stringency across jurisdictions. We examine the impact of these requirements on bank profitability in the US and Europe between 2019 and 2024. We find no evidence that...

In recent years, the financial sustainability and survival of microfinance institutions (MFIs) have been seriously threatened by factors such as the reduction in donations, cooperation funds and international aid, and increased competition from commercial banks. Faced with this hostile scenario,...

This paper proposes a novel yet intuitive method for the calibration of the CCyB through the cycle in the euro area, including the positive neutral CCyB rate. The paper implements the Risk-to-Buffer framework by Couaillier and Scalone (2024) in both a DSGE and macro time series setting and...

This paper explores the interplay between the risk- and leverage-based prudential and the resolution frameworks within the EU banking system. The prudential framework is designed to enhance the resilience of both individual banks and the banking sector as a whole. It does so by imposing minimum...

The results of this paper provide empirical evidence that regulatory capital ratios drive bank Credit Default Swaps (CDS) and that markets react more to changes in capital requirements if implemented via direct adjustments to Pillar 1 risk weights than imposed as a percentage of Risk-Weighted...

Political influence on bank credit allocation is often viewed as being necessary to address social problems like income inequality. We hypothesize that such influence elicits bank capital responses. Our hypothesis yields three testable predictions for which we find supporting evidence. First,...

In this paper, we propose a new framework to jointly calibrate cyclical and structural capital requirements. For this, we integrate a non-linear macroeconomic model and a stress test model. In the macroeconomic model, the severity of the scenarios depends on the level of cyclical risk....

Under which conditions do usability constraints for regulatory capital buffers emerge? To answer this question, we build a non-linear structural banking sector model with a minimum capital requirement that banks are not allowed to breach, and a capital buffer requirement (CBR) that banks can...

The European significant risk transfer (SRT) securitisation market is increasingly being used by major EU banks to manage risk and capital, but is not well known. SRT can provide an extra source of capital, flexibly and at a reasonable cost. Despite the bespoke nature of transactions, the SRT...

The capital requirements of Solvency II allow insurers to make discretionary choices. Besides extensive possibilities regarding the choice of a risk model (ranging between a regulatory prescribed standard formula to a full self-developed internal model), insurers can make use of transitional...

We study the interplay of capital and liquidity regulation in a general equilibrium setting by focusing on future funding risks. The model consists of a banking sector with long-term illiquid investment opportunities that need to be financed by short-term debt and by issuing equity. Reliance on...

This paper examines whether global systemically important banks (G-SIBs) engage in window-dressing behavior to circumvent or reduce regulatory requirements, increasing vul- nerability to economic shocks. Using a comprehensive global bank sample, we uncover ev- idence of such practices: G-SIBs...

A key element of the Basel III reforms are stricter capital requirements, which have been im- plemented with varying degrees of stringency across jurisdictions. We examine the impact of these requirements on bank profitability in the US and Europe between 2019 and 2024. We find no evidence that...

What leads self-employed entrepreneurs to incorporate? I examine how tax incentives interact with the cost of incorporation to answer this question. I exploit the abolition of minimum capital requirements to set up a limited liability company in the Netherlands and compare entrepreneurs that...

This paper presents the first causal evidence on how banks adjust their voluntary capital buffers (the capital headroom above the required level) in response to changes in capital requirements. Using granular euro area data and exploiting the threshold-based assignment of Other Systemically...

This study evaluates the credit risk of sustainable loans in a preferential capital requirement programme. We utilise loanlevel data from a uniquely implemented programme from Hungary, applying logistic regressions and survival analysis techniques. We observe a significantly reduced credit risk...

We extend the reference DSGE model used for policy analysis at the NBB with a financial sector, by incorporating multi-period fixed-rate corporate and mortgage loans, an imperfect pass-through from policy rates to the deposit rate, and bank capital re-quirements. Adding multi-period fixed-rate...

This paper examines whether global systemically important banks (G-SIBs) engage in window-dressing behavior to circumvent or reduce regulatory requirements, increasing vul- nerability to economic shocks. Using a comprehensive global bank sample, we uncover ev- idence of such practices: G-SIBs...

In the increasingly complex and dynamic financial landscape, managing operational risks poses a crucial challenge for financial institutions. Evolving regulations, the rise of cyber threats, and growing stakeholder expectations make a rigorous and systematic approach to quantifying and managing...

This paper finds that an additional percentage point in the ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) capital to risk-weighted assets is associated with an increase in the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) of Chilean banks by a maximum of only 11.7 basis points. This result is found by...

This paper explores the interplay between the risk- and leverage-based prudential and the resolution frameworks within the EU banking system. The prudential framework is designed to enhance the resilience of both individual banks and the banking sector as a whole. It does so by imposing minimum...

This paper proposes a novel yet intuitive method for the calibration of the CCyB through the cycle in the euro area, including the positive neutral CCyB rate. The paper implements the Risk-to-Buffer framework by Couaillier and Scalone (2024) in both a DSGE and macro time series setting and...

This paper presents the first causal evidence on how banks adjust their voluntary capital buffers (the capital headroom above the required level) in response to changes in capital requirements. Using granular euro area data and exploiting the threshold-based assignment of Other Systemically...

This paper examines the relationship between capital requirements, capital ratios and bank competitiveness - measured as profit efficiency. Using data envelopment analysis techniques, profit efficiency scores were estimated for a sample of listed significant institutions directly supervised by...

The relevance of the study was due to the transformation of approaches to regulating the solvency of insurers in the world's leading economies and the need to adapt the Ukrainian insurance supervision system to international standards. Countries with developed insurance markets use capital...

This paper finds that an additional percentage point in the ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) capital to risk-weighted assets is associated with an increase in the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) of Chilean banks by a maximum of only 11.7 basis points. This result is found by...

We introduce a model of the banking sector that formally incorporates a buffer function of capital. Heterogeneous banks choose their portfolio risk, bank size, and capital holdings. Banks voluntarily hold equity when the buffer effect against the risk of default outweighs the cost advantages of...

We introduce a model of the banking sector that formally incorporate a buffer function of capital. Heterogeneous banks choose their portfolio risk, bank size, and capital holdings. Banks voluntarily hold equity when the buffer effect against the risk of default outweighs the cost advantages of...