For decades, climate economists and policymakers have favored market-driven solutions with minimal government intervention, advocating carbon pricing as the primary climate policy instrument. The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), enacted in 2022, represents a fundamental departure from this...

For decades, climate economists and policymakers have favored market-driven solutions with minimal government intervention, advocating carbon pricing as the primary climate policy instrument. The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), enacted in 2022, represents a fundamental departure from this...

As the global demand for sustainable energy intensifies, achieving economic growth without carbon emissions has become both a critical challenge and an opportunity. This study investigates the potential of five major clean energy sources-solar, wind, hydroelectric, nuclear, and geothermal...

This study investigates whether green assets can serve as safe havens for dirty assets in the context of carbon and energy futures markets. Using daily data from April 2021 to June 2025, the analysis focuses on four key instruments: carbon emissions futures and crude oil futures, EUA futures,...

This scientometric study delves into the integration of clean energy and fintech within investment portfolios, emphasising their role in sustainable development and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) objectives. Through a systematic literature review (SLR) and advanced bibliometric...

Transitioning to clean energy use is crucial for reducing emissions and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, especially in developing nations like Cambodia, where many still rely on dirty fuels. This study uses multivariate probit and censored tobit models to investigate the factors that...

This study aims to examine the decision - making logic and strategy optimization among local government, photovoltaic enterprises, power grid enterprises, and farmers to advance rural photovoltaic industry growth. A four parties evolutionary game model was established and data simulation was...

The global shift toward sustainability and ecological responsibility has accelerated the large-scale transition to renewable energy. This research explores the predisposition toward adopting solar photovoltaic systems, particularly within commercial energy hubs, due to their role as key...

The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) is criticized for "derisking" private investment by increasing the gains to private firms. The derisking critique argues that the IRA insufficiently disciplines private firms; it does not utilize legal or financial penalties which would force firms to undertake...

Thermal Energy Storage (TES) and Demand Response (DR) offer unique benefits to reducing the electricity consumption, carbon emission, investment, and operational cost of generating cooling energy by bridging the gap between cooling energy demand and production. To provide comprehensive guidance...

With the Biden administration in the US introducing tariffs on Chinese clean energy and electric vehicle (EV) goods and components, and the European Union (EU) also imposing duties on electric vehicles because of Chinese state support for these industries, the narrative around China's dominance...

Achieving net zero carbon emissions necessitates a systemic reorganization of global value chains, particularly in the ASEAN region, due to its growing role as a manufacturing hub. This study explores the interaction between global value chains (GVCs), globalization and sustainable development...

Objective: The objective of the article is to classify European Union (EU) member states according to similarity in the area of sustainable development goal 7 (SDG7) of the United Nations (UN) Agenda 2030 on affordable and clean energy. Research Design & Methods: We conducted a hierarchy of EU...

This Clean Energy Technology Observatory report analyses the current status and development trends of solar thermal energy, including both concentrated solar power (CSP) and solar heat for buildings, district heating, and industrial processes. While CSP has developed to a commercial scale, up to...

This report provides an update on the state of the art of heat pump technology, including its application in buildings, industry, and district heating and cooling. It presents installed capacity, sales and projections, and an analysis of research and development trends. It also discusses EU...

This report provides an overview of the current status, value chains and market positions of carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS) technologies in the EU as well as globally. In 2023, the CCUS industry experienced unprecedented growth globally, with all the projects under development...

This report is an output of the Clean Energy Technology Observatory (CETO). CETO's objective is to provide an evidence-based analysis feeding the policy making process and hence increasing the effectiveness of R&I policies for clean energy technologies and solutions. It monitors EU research and...

This report is an output of the Clean Energy Technology Observatory (CETO) and is an update of the "Water electrolysis and hydrogen in the European Union" 2023 CETO report. CETO's objective is to provide an evidence-based analysis feeding the policy making process and hence increasing the...

Ocean energy has been acknowledged in the context of the European Energy Union as a fundamental research and development priority to achieve the 2050 climate objectives. The European Green Deal, which aims to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent, included ocean energy in the...

The aim of this report is to provide an update of the state of the art of wind energy technology. This includes utility-scale onshore and offshore wind and, when available, selected findings on technologies at a lower maturity level. Research and development trends are analysed, focussing...

As part of the Clean Energy Technology Observatory (CETO), this report on Photovoltaics (PV) is built on three sections: the technology state of the art, future developments and trends, the value chain analysis and the EU position and global competitiveness. PV is the fastest-growing source of...

This report investigates the status and trend of Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin (RFNBO), except hydrogen, which are needed to cover part of the EU's demand for low carbon renewable fuels in the coming years. The report is an update of the CETO 2023 report. Most of the conversion...

This report is an output of the Clean Energy Technology Observatory (CETO), and provides an evidence-based analysis of the overall battery landscape to support the EU policy making process. It is part of the series of reports on clean energy technologies needed for the delivery of the European...

This annual CETO report provides an overview of technological trends and market issues on selected topics regarding the electricity grid and the "smart grid of the future". The analysis this year focuses on grid infrastructure, since the physical grid assets are increasingly being recognized as...

This report is part of the 2024 Clean Energy Technology Observatory series and is focusing on smart thermal networks within the European Union. It provides an overview of the current status, emerging trends, and the potential of this sector integration technology. Smart thermal networks...

This report analyses the technology status, value chain and markets of energy storage technologies which are considered 'novel'. While most of the technologies covered are still in the research phase and therefore fall into the novel category, some classic energy storage technologies are also...

The report provides a detailed examination of the bioenergy sector within the European Union (EU), highlighting its significance in the global context and its role in the transition towards a low-carbon economy. The report is an update of the CETO 2023 report. The report offers insights into the...

The report provides a detailed examination of the biofuel sector and advanced biofuel sector within the European Union (EU), focusing on its economic, environmental, and technological dimensions. The report is an update of the CETO 2023 report. The EU is highlighted as the central point of view,...

The EU's geothermal energy sector, although small, has considerable potential to support the bloc's energy transition. This annual update report highlights the status of both power and direct heat applications, covering technology development, value chains, and markets. Despite being a...

This study examines the impact of green economic growth and renewable energy on food security in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The rationale for the study comes from the background that with a fast rate of growing population, there is a high pressure on natural resources, which often leads to...

The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) is criticized for "derisking" private investment by increasing the gains to private firms. The derisking critique argues that the IRA insufficiently disciplines private firms; it does not utilize legal or financial penalties which would force firms to undertake...