This is the 15th progress report on the harmonisation of European securities settlement published by the Eurosystem's Advisory Group on Market Infrastructures for Securities and Collateral (AMI-SeCo). With the aim of further integrating European financial markets and in line with its mandate,...

This Research Paper addresses the growing problem of access to essential medicines, focusing on the role of intellectual property rights, particularly patent rights, in restricting access by enabling pharmaceutical market monopolies that keep drug prices high. The paper explores the Bolar...

The use of an economics, effects-based, approach in EU Law is normally understood within the context of the enforcement of the EU Competition provisions. It embodies the post-Modernisation shift from a formalistic application of these provisions, and particularly of Article 102 TFEU, to a method...

The European Disability Expertise (EDE) provides the European Commission's Disability and Inclusion Unit with scientific support and advice. One of the functions of EDE is to establish a mechanism for monitoring and evaluating EU laws and policies that affect persons with disabilities...

This overview of the case law is an updated version of the document published by the Commission as Annex II to the 2013 Report on the application of Directive 2006/54/EC and the 2019 version of the case law overview. It provides a synopsis of the CJEU's interpretation on the principle of equal...

The purpose of this Regulation is to improve the functioning of the internal market and promote the uptake of human-centric and trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI), while ensuring a high level of protection of health, safety, fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter, including democracy,...

The purpose of this Regulation is to improve the functioning of the internal market and promote the uptake of human-centric and trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI), while ensuring a high level of protection of health, safety, fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter, including democracy,...

EU energy law requires that energy regulators are independent. They must be able to exercise their powers impartially and without interference by public or private entities or any government or other political entities. The independence is required to ensure compliance with EU rules and...

After nearly 20 years of voluntary efforts to enhance digital government interoperability across EU borders, the Interoperable Europe Act (REGULATION (EU) 2024/903) came into force on 11th April 2024. Over the past decade, the Directorate-General for Digital Services (DIGIT) has monitored...

This feasibility study, commissioned by the Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs (DG HOME), evaluates the harmonization of access to travel information for cross-border road and rail transport within the EU. It examines the collection, transfer, and processing of travel data to...

This feasibility study on 'Harmonising of reporting obligations of travel data on maritime transport, with the view to using such data for law enforcement purposes' contributes to the European Commission's efforts to map and potentially close the current information gaps on maritime travel...

More than 20 years ago, a major and unprecedented development occurred in the European Union with the adoption in 2000 of two pieces of EU legislation in the field of anti-discrimination: the Racial Equality Directive (2000/43/EC) and the Employment Equality Directive (2000/78/EC). The...

The "EUAA Quarterly Overview of Asylum Case Law" is based on a selection of cases from the EUAA Case Law Database, which contains summaries of decisions and judgments related to international protection pronounced by national courts of EU+ countries, the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) and the...

This report covers judgments, decisions and interim measures by national courts and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) on the implementation and application of the Temporary Protection Directive and the Council Implementing Decision 2022/382 of 4 March 2022 and the Council...

This document examines legal, institutional, and practical mechanisms to strengthen equality and non-discrimination within the European Union. It emphasizes the importance of data on discrimination and equality, focusing on their collection, application, and impact across social and economic...

At the beginning of 2017, the College of Eurojust initiated a project designed to assess the impact on judicial cooperation in criminal matters within the European Union (EU) of the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in Joined Cases C-203/15 and C-698/15, Tele2 Sverige...

The Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union (DG TAXUD) and the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) have partnered to release annual reports detailing the efforts made by customs, police, and market surveillance authorities to enforce IP rights in the European Union...

The "EUAA Quarterly Overview of Asylum Case Law" is based on a selection of cases from the EUAA Case Law Database, which contains summaries of decisions and judgments related to international protection pronounced by national courts of EU+ countries, the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) and the...

This in-depth analysis offers a systematic overview of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg and the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg laying down common minimum standards of judicial independence in Europe. The judgments are discussed according to subject...

The rise in financial fraud has prompted regulatory proposals under the Payment Services Regulation in the form of a shared liability model provisioned under Article 59. The potential proposal by the European Parliament could now extend liability beyond Payment Service Providers to Electronic...

Dieser Report setzt sich mit der Erreichbarkeit der Vorgaben der EU-Batterieverordnung in Deutschland auseinander, wenn neben den benötigten Rohstoffen für den Hochlauf der Elektromobilität auch der Zubau stationärer Batteriespeichersysteme berücksichtigt wird. Für die Analyse wurde dabei...

As a young graduate or national judge, you have the opportunity to take part in a traineeship programme at the Court of Justice of the European Union. The Court is the judicial institution of the European Union and the guarantor of EU law for 450 million citizens. This programme will give you...

How does Europol make Europe safer? When was Europol founded? How does Europol decide which crime areas to focus on? The latest edition of Europol in Brief answers these questions and more, and explains how exactly the agency works, who works there and what each of Europol's five crime centres...

How does Europol make Europe safer? When was Europol founded? How does Europol decide which crime areas to focus on? The latest edition of Europol in Brief answers these questions and more, and explains how exactly the agency works, who works there and what each of Europol's five crime centres...

As a young graduate or national judge, you have the opportunity to take part in a traineeship programme at the Court of Justice of the European Union. The Court is the judicial institution of the European Union and the guarantor of EU law for 450 million citizens. This programme will give you...

This report analyses the implementation of Articles 13, 16 and 17 of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD). These articles concern the promotion of European works by broadcasters and video on demand service providers. The study is part of the regular monitoring which is also requested...

Article 21 of the EU ETS Directive requires all EU ETS implementing countries to submit an annual report on the application of the Directive in their country by 30 June of each year ("the Article 21 reports" or "country reports" hereinafter). These Article 21 reports provide feedback on how a...

Based on the findings of the evaluation of LMB statistics, the aim of this assignment was to support the impact assessment of policy options aimed at modernising the EU legal framework on labour market statistics on business (LMB) conducted by Eurostat. The impact assessment is structured around...

This comparative analysis, drafted by Isabelle Chopin and Catharina Germaine (Migration Policy Group), compares and analyses the information set out in the country reports relating to 2022 for the 27 EU Member States in a format mirroring that of the country reports themselves and draws some...

AMI-SeCo considers the harmonisation of post-trade processes, including collateral management, to be critically important in the pursuit of financial market integration in Europe. In the area of securities settlement harmonisation, T2S has contributed significantly to the integration of...

This report outlines the most prominent cases in which the European Court of Human Rights evaluated the application of Article 7 of the ECHR. These decisions confirmed that the retroactive application of domestic criminal law is, in certain cases, possible for war crimes, crimes against humanity...

This report outlines the most prominent cases in which the European Court of Human Rights evaluated the application of Article 7 of the ECHR. These decisions confirmed that the retroactive application of domestic criminal law is, in certain cases, possible for war crimes, crimes against humanity...

This document provides an overview of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union ('CJEU') regarding the ne bis in idem principle in criminal matters under Article 50 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union ('Charter') and Articles 54 to 58 of the Convention...

European harmonised standards are used to design safe products. However, if standards do not consider the diversity of human bodies in terms of size, structure and composition, they may fail to ensure the safety, comfort, accessibility and usability of products for the whole European population....