Women judges are playing increasingly prominent roles in many African judiciaries, yet there remains very little comparative research on the subject. Drawing on extensive cross-national data and theoretical and empirical analysis, this book provides a timely and broad-ranging assessment of...

This overview of the case law is an updated version of the document published by the Commission as Annex II to the 2013 Report on the application of Directive 2006/54/EC and the 2019 version of the case law overview. It provides a synopsis of the CJEU's interpretation on the principle of equal...

At the beginning of 2017, the College of Eurojust initiated a project designed to assess the impact on judicial cooperation in criminal matters within the European Union (EU) of the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in Joined Cases C-203/15 and C-698/15, Tele2 Sverige...

This in-depth analysis offers a systematic overview of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg and the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg laying down common minimum standards of judicial independence in Europe. The judgments are discussed according to subject...

The eagerness with which governments across the world rushed to digitize their court systems during the COVID-19 pandemic might create an impression that new technologies alone can solve the multitude of issues associated with the quality and efficiency of dispute resolution. However, while...

As a young graduate or national judge, you have the opportunity to take part in a traineeship programme at the Court of Justice of the European Union. The Court is the judicial institution of the European Union and the guarantor of EU law for 450 million citizens. This programme will give you...

As a young graduate or national judge, you have the opportunity to take part in a traineeship programme at the Court of Justice of the European Union. The Court is the judicial institution of the European Union and the guarantor of EU law for 450 million citizens. This programme will give you...

This document provides an overview of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union ('CJEU') regarding the ne bis in idem principle in criminal matters under Article 50 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union ('Charter') and Articles 54 to 58 of the Convention...

This study presents a meta-regression analysis on the literature of courts efficiency. The metadata set comprises 264 efficiency scores retrieved from 36 papers published from 1992 to 2019. Our models explain a substantial proportion of both within- and between-study heterogeneity. Estimates...

Courts are high-stakes institutions, where the influence of the use of legal technology (legaltech) may not be confined to the individuals utilizing the tools. The existing evidence is insufficient for predicting the approval of legaltech in court proceedings. We aimed to provide empirical...

Because judges exercise discretion in how they handle and decide cases, heterogeneity across judges can affect case outcomes and, thus, preferences among litigants for particular judges. However, selection obscures the causal mechanisms that drive these preferences. We overcome this challenge by...

This document, which is updated annually, provides an overview of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) with regard to the application of Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA of 13 June 2002 on the European Arrest Warrant (EAW) and the surrender procedures between Member...

This work makes sure to examine the three basic concepts: the judicial system, justice and most especially, the law. In furtherance, the work delves into creating a proper nexus between the concepts of justice and law and contends that justice is derived from laws and the former is the primary...

This Article explores the concept of “judicial federalization doctrine.” The doctrine emanates from well-documented areas of federal constitutional law, including exactions, racially motivated peremptory challenges, the exclusionary rule, same-sex sodomy, marriage, and freedom of speech and...

Traffic courts are deeply important, but we know almost nothing about what goes on inside them. There are at least three reasons to care. First, traffic courts resolve over half of all cases brought into our justice system each year. Understanding how traffic courts work is thus crucial for...

Multilingualism, in principle and in function, has been codified in various legal instruments, in particular by the first regulation adopted by the EEC, Regulation 1/58, which remains in force today. However, like democracy, its preservation depends on a constant endeavour to explain it within...

Multilingualism, in principle and in function, has been codified in various legal instruments, in particular by the first regulation adopted by the EEC, Regulation 1/58, which remains in force today. However, like democracy, its preservation depends on a constant endeavour to explain it within...

I document that experienced decision makers can be influenced by irrelevant events in a high stakes setting, felony sentencing in Cook County. Using a stacked difference-in-differences design, I estimate that judges hand down sentences that are 13% longer after sentencing a first degree murder....

Judges perform very different analyses when investors ask for protection. When the petitioning party is a shareholder, the court will deploy broad equitable doctrines with an eye towards reaching a fair result. On the other hand, creditors typically find a much less sympathetic ear, as courts...

The administration of Justice is one of the primary functions of the state. The Constitution of Nepal has clearly entrusted the responsibility of the administration of Justice to the Judiciary. The Judiciary is one of the institutions on which rests the noble edifice of democracy and rule of...

De jure judicial independence (JI) is the single most important predictor of de facto JI. In this paper, we describe under what conditions countries are likely to include JI in their constitutions. We describe and analyze both their original choice in this regard as well as change over time...