The European Union has set forth an objective to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and external supply chains. Hydrogen technologies are regarded as a pivotal element in achieving a sustainable and resilient energy supply. Despite the prioritization of hydrogen-powered fuel cells in numerous...

Recent natural gas price surges prompted the adoption of various policies, such as a natural gas price cap, aimed at preserving climate goals and preventing increases in wholesale electricity prices. However, it is unclear whether such policies are effective. Here, we take advantage of the...

Die Dekarbonisierung des Luftverkehrs stellt eine erhebliche Herausforderung dar und erfordert entschlossene politische Maßnahmen sowie starke Anreize für den Einsatz nachhaltiger Flugkraftstoffe (Sustainable Aviation Fuels, SAF). Derzeit kommen sowohl marktbasierte als auch regulative...

The European Union has set forth an objective to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and external supply chains. Hydrogen technologies are regarded as a pivotal element in achieving a sustainable and resilient energy supply. Despite the prioritization of hydrogen-powered fuel cells in numerous...

Climate change stands as one of the most formidable challenges in the twenty-first century. Despite this, our understanding of the unfolding and interconnection of climate-related physical and transitional risks, and their implications for socioeconomic dynamics along various transition...

The (supposed) regressivity of (primarily price-based) climate protection policy instruments often hampers an evidence-based discussion at the political level and is used as an argument against the implementation of corresponding measures. To assess the distributional implications of...

This paper examines how African cities can reconcile rapid urbanization and development imperatives with urgent decarbonization goals through structural transformation. It begins by mapping key sources of urban carbon - energy poverty, inefficient buildings, poor planning, transport systems,...

Industrial policy has a long history, having been used by many governments to encourage economic development through the provision of direct financial support and/or supportive regulations to specific sectors and industries. Over the past decade, the energy transition has increasingly forced...

Various stakeholders are increasingly encouraging companies from the real economy to adopt measures facilitating their transition towards carbon neutrality. In this context, companies are expected to implement forward-looking strategies and climate-related reporting practices using scenario...

As decarbonisation efforts accelerate globally, the role of large-scale underground storage for energy and climate-related gases - natural gas, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide - is becoming increasingly important. While the demand for natural gas as a transition fuel is expected to rise at least...

Geopolitics is an overarching characteristic of much of this outlook for the key themes in the global energy economy in 2025. The start of Donald Trump's second term in the White House will herald new pressures to multiple layers of the global economy, from trade to labour, monetary policy to...

This paper documents the evolution of US carbon emissions and discusses the main factors that contributed to the historical carbon emissions rollercoaster. We divide the discussion into four periods – up to 1920, 1920-1960, 1960-2005 and after 2005. For each period, we discuss the main drivers...

This study estimates the potential economic impact of large-scale adoption of Biological Phosphate Solubilization (BPS) in soybean crops in Brazil. The central hypothesis is that BPS can represent an advance in sustainable agricultural production, bringing productivity gains and reducing...

With the transition to renewable energy, global production cost patterns for industrial materials and products are shifting, potentially creating what has been termed the renewables pull. This paper conducts a systematic review to identify and synthesise the growing body of scientific literature...

The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), passed under the Biden administration in August 2022, is the biggest US climate bill to date. Its focus on subsidy-driven decarbonization incentives marks a potential turning point in US industrial policy and might prevent its repeal under the upcoming Trump...

Climate change mitigation increasingly relies on carbon pricing as a core policy tool. This study investigates the applicability of such mechanisms within the Russian context, given the country's heavy fossil fuel dependence and evolving energy landscape. A mixed-method approach is used,...

The transportation sector is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly due to the emissions released by motor vehicles, shipping, and aviation. Carbon emissions increase significantly as demand for transportation services rises, especially in emerging economies...

Aluminium is recognized as an essential material for the global energy transition. However, its production is extremely energy-intensive and largely dependent on fossil fuels. The aluminium industry emits more than 1.11 Gt CO2-eq annually. Multiple obstacles persist in the face of decarbonizing...

Electric, hydrogen, methanol, and biofuel cars are becoming popular for reducing road transport emissions. In limited operational contexts, these technologies are commonly called clean or zero-emission, but resource availability, lifetime implications, and infrastructural restrictions determine...

This study provides the first global, plant-level analysis of technical and environmental efficiency in steel production using data from 143 mills across 50 countries (2019–2023). Using a Stochastic Directional Distance Function, we estimate plants’ distance to the frontier and compute...

This study estimates the potential economic impact of large-scale adoption of Biological Phosphate Solubilization (BPS) in soybean crops in Brazil. The central hypothesis is that BPS can represent an advance in sustainable agricultural production, bringing productivity gains and reducing...

One common method of defining and proposing energy transition dynamics involves using energy models to evaluate and establish action plans for the energy system. The precise characterization and definition of technical, economic and environmental specifications are crucial elements in obtaining...

Many governments consider new nuclear power plants to promote decarbonization. On the one hand, dispatchable nuclear plants can complement fluctuating generation from wind and PV. On the other hand, escalating construction costs and times raise economic concerns. This paper investigates the...

Tackling climate change in the public-private partnership (PPP) infrastructure sector requires radical transformation of projects to make them resilient against climate risks and free from excessive carbon emissions. Types of PPP infrastructure such as transport, power plants, hospitals, schools...

The energy transition (ET) has emerged as a complex and interdisciplinary research domain central to addressing global sustainability challenges. However, a significant gap remains in systematically linking scientific knowledge evolution in ET with graduate-level curricula design. This study...

This paper examines how African cities can reconcile rapid urbanization and development imperatives with urgent decarbonization goals through structural transformation. It begins by mapping key sources of urban carbon - energy poverty, inefficient buildings, poor planning, transport systems,...

Energy system modeling supports the identification of the optimal technology mix to achieve decarbonization targets across multiple sectors. Especially when sector coupling is considered for future technology landscapes, the large solution space leads to a complex optimization problem in terms...

This paper documents the evolution of US carbon emissions and discusses the main factors that contributed to the historical carbon emissions rollercoaster. We divide the discussion into four periods - up to 1920, 1920-1960, 1960-2005 and after 2005. For each period, we discuss the main drivers...

The severe upheavals caused by anthropogenic climate change have led to an increasing global effort to mitigate the negative effects of global warming. In this, the European Union has taken the lead in pioneering initiatives to achieve carbon neutrality as a continent by 2050. The climate...