Since the push towards central clearing in derivatives markets after the global financial crisis, an open question has been how the development has affected competition. This paper models imperfect competition between dealers in derivatives markets. Two risk-neutral dealers offer derivatives to...

Using data from the Borsa İstanbul (BIST), this study analyzes whether derivatives market operations have a volatility spillover effect on stock indexes using multivariate GARCH models and wavelet methods. We use the DVECH method, with variables for the daily BIST 30 index and BIST 30 index...

Hedging down-and-out puts (and up-and-out calls), where the maximum payoff is reached just before a barrier is hit that would render the claim worthless afterwards, is challenging. All hedging methods potentially lead to large errors when the underlying is already close to the barrier and the...

The main purpose of this comprehensive study is to determine the optimal hedge ratios and hedging effectiveness of different futures contracts traded on the Borsa Istanbul (BIST), namely the BIST 30 equity index, US dollar–Turkish lira currency futures (USD-TRY), euro–Turkish lira (EUR-TRY)...

We study the response of bond spreads to a liquidity supply shock in the credit default swap (CDS) market. Our identification strategy exploits the exogenous exit of a large dealer from the single-name CDS market as well as granular data on CDS transactions and bond portfolio holdings of German...

This paper examines the forecast power of subsets of the option-implied interest rate derivatives’ expectations. We use a string market model with three factors to extract the implied risk-neutral volatility of the short-end interest rate term structure. Using data from the Brazil derivatives...

This paper investigates the counterparty credit risk of interest rate swaps positions using the credit valuation adjustment (CVA) measure, and examines the potential dependency relationships between the probability of default (PD) and exposure at default (EAD). We empirically tested, using...

This article derives and tests a multiple-factor extension of the M-square model (see Fong and Vasicek [1984] and Fong and Fabozzi [1985]), termed as the M-vector model. Tests of the M-square model indicate that the model reduces the interest rate risk inherent in the traditional duration model...

We examine single stock future (SSF) trading and respective underlyings around dividend ex-dates to study a specific form of dividend tax arbitrage, widely known as cum-ex and cum-cum trading, across Europe. Both strategies are designed to profit from illicit refunds of tax withheld from...

This paper considers loans containing implicit options according to §489 of the German civil code. Assuming a risk neutral framework a generalisation of the simple case of a 1:1 micro-hedge to the more advanced case of a macro-hedge will be presented. For this purpose, the proposed hedging...

We study how derivatives (with nonlinear payoffs) affect the liquidity of the underlying asset. In a rational expectations equilibrium, informed investors expect low conditional volatility and sell derivatives to the others. These derivative trades affect investors’ utility differently,...

Defining a futures return as the rate of change of futures prices, as done in many empirical studies, implicitly implies that a futures contract is fully collateralized. We adjust futures' returns to explicitly account for holding the minimum margin (collateral) and the return to this...

La versión española de este artículo se puede encontrar en: http://ssrn.com/abstract=3858999During the last years, there has been an increase in the use of derivative instruments, in addition to significant losses reported by companies and financial institutions, putting the appropriate use...

In the current paper, we develop a methodology to price lookback options for cryptocurrencies. We propose a discretely monitored window average lookback option, whose monitoring frequencies are randomly selected within the time to maturity, and whose monitoring price is the average asset price...

Building on previous work of Kolm and Ritter (2019) and Cao et al. (2019), this paper explores the novel application of Deep Reinforcement Learning for Delta Hedging of options in an utility based framework where an agent is faced with a trade-off between hedging error and transaction costs...

This paper examines whether external auditors play a unique governance role distinct from other mechanisms of corporate governance. We exploit the staggered adoptions of the Universal Demand (UD) laws by U.S states, which have been shown to result in the decline of various corporate governance...

Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from Latin: aurum) and atomic number 79. In its purest form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, been a valuable and highly sought long before the beginning of recorded history. The world consumption of new gold produced is about 50% in jewellery,...

Options paying the product of put and or call option payouts at different strikes on two underlying assets are observed to synthesize joint densities and replicate differentiable functions of two underlying asset prices. The pricing of such options is undertaken from three perspectives. The...

The objective of this study is to analyse the theoretical pricing of wind power derivatives, which is important for renewable energy risk management but has a problem in the pricing due to the illiquidity of the assets and to show the application of the theory to the practical implementation of...

There have been 128 defaults among U.S. CDS reference entities between 2001 and 2020. Within this sample, the five-year CDS spread is a significant predictor of corporate default in models with equity market covariates and firm attributes. This finding holds for forecast horizons up to 12...

The Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) Equation, a deterministic fundamental partial differential equation (PDE) used to characterize price-movement of broad derivative financial instruments based on a stochastic representation of price-movement of a primitive financial instrument, can be derived from a...

We develop two models for index futures arbitrage that take the financing constraints faced by real-world arbitrageurs into account. Our models predict that the price of an index futures contract and the value of its underlying index should deviate further from their theoretical cost-of-carry...

The impact of Bitcoin futures introduction on the underlying Bitcoin volatility has been a controversial topic. Conflicting results had been obtained with different sample periods and methodologies. To address this debate, this study examines the impacts of Bitcoin futures trading on spot market...

This paper analyzes the effects of three alternative rules on the long-run distributions of both the spot and futures prices ina single commodity market, in which the key behavioral relationships are derived from the optimizing behavior of producers and speculators.The rules considered include:...

IFRS 7 and 9 have requirement, for recognition, measurement and disclosure of derivatives. Derivatives include futures and options for hedging foreign currency risks, interest rate risk, price risk etc. Derivatives include financial and commodity derivatives, commodity derivatives are of recent...

This paper is the first to study the effect of enhanced derivative and hedging footnote disclosures on information asymmetries in bank loan contracting. Utilizing the issuance of SFAS 161, we employ a difference-in-differences design to evaluate 3,732 bank loans for 1,126 firms in the United...

Parametric volatility models can be seen as the result of some form of dimensionality reduction obtained by projecting the volatility surface into a basis of risk factors. Examples include polynomial models and stochastic volatility models having an explicit expression for the smile, such as the...

Recent U.S. tax proposals under various names (e.g., wealth taxes, estate tax reform, etc.) center on mark-to-market (MTM) taxation, which eliminates investors’ ability to defer or avoid capital gains taxes. To provide insight on potential effects of these tax proposals, we exploit a unique...

We generalise the results of Burnett (2021) to obtain a formula for the Hedging Valuation Adjustment (HVA) that is consistent with other XVAs. This HVA incorporates friction effects due to hedging both the underlying asset and counterparty credit, along with a contribution from hedge unwinds...

We describe the steps required to approximately price volatility derivatives by making use of only three near the money vanilla index options per maturity. The only assumption we make is that the index process is a diffusion with a volatility process that does not depend on the index level. No...

This paper examines the information content of implied volatility of structured call warrant in the Singapore Stock Exchange (SGX). The study is the first to examine implied volatility of equity options (structured warrants) outside the US. Using a daily dataset for 252 trading days for a period...

To cope with the negative oil futures price caused by the COVID-19 recession, global commodity futures exchanges switched the option model from Black-Scholes to Bachelier in April 2020. This study reviews the literature on Bachelier's pioneering option pricing model and summarizes the practical...

In this paper, we derive optimal hedging strategies for options in electricity futures markets. Optimality is measured in terms of minimal variance and the associated minimal variance hedging portfolios are obtained by a stochastic maximum principle. Our explicit results are particularly useful...

Empirical literature on finance indicates numerous investment strategies based on fundamental factors such as price-earnings ratio, book to market ratio, size effect, value premium etc. to magnify the returns of investor in investment jargon. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to...

While tax evasion is an enormous problem, FATCA is not a solution to the problem. FATCA was primarily created to deal with the weaknesses of the QI system but it has turned out to be a case of overregulation that infringes upon the rights of Americans who live abroad. A strengthening of the QI...

This note analyses derivative pricing in the context of a collateral rate switch during the life of a financial product or the existence of two overnight rates. In particular we analyse the impact of forward change of collateral, the impact on OISs when the collateral rate is different from the...

The VSTOXX index tracks the expected 30-day volatility of the EURO STOXX 50 equity index. Futures on the VSTOXX index can, therefore, be used to hedge against economic uncertainty. We investigate the effect of trader inventory on the price of VSTOXX futures through a combination of stochastic...

Derivative financial instruments play a major role in financial markets. However, there are rather contradictory views regarding this issue. Their impact on the financial markets, their stability and the economy have not been thoroughly examined. The aim of this paper is to analyse derivatives...

Derivative financial instruments play a very important role in financial markets, but they are seen as rather contradictory and their impact on financial markets and the stability of these markets has not been comprehensively examined. Therefore, the aim of this article is to systematise the...