In 2015, Southern Africa experienced a drought that affected approximately 30 million people across seven countries. Using a nationally representative household panel survey data set and a remotely sensed measure of drought intensity during the 2015-16 farming season, we rigorously estimate the...

In early states, government elites provided both productivity-enhancing infrastructure, such as irrigation systems, as well as seemingly non-productive monumental architecture like temples and pyramids. The nature of this "bread-and-circuses"-tradeoff is not well understood. In this paper, we...

Although agriculture is often considered vulnerable to climate change, recent gridded crop growth modelling intercomparison exercises have found that staple crop yields will be modestly affected by global warming. However, those crop growth models also do not fully reflect impacts of increasing...

In early states, government elites provided both productivity-enhancing infrastructure, such as irrigation systems, as well as seemingly non-productive monumental architecture like temples and pyramids. The nature of this ”bread-and-circuses”-tradeoff is not well understood. In this paper,...

The ever-deepening planetary crisis stipulates the urgency of bringing the Rio Conventions - the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) - closer together to...

This study empirically examines the effect of the drought of 2021 on migration in the Kyrgyz Republic. A panel dataset was created using nationally representative household survey data for the period 2019-2022 with approximately 5,000 households in each year and integrated with the satellite...

This article studies the role of environmental and religious factors in the occurrence of pastoralist conflict in Nigeria using panel data at the 0.5 x 0.5° grid cell level between 1997 and 2020. The empirical analysis provides robust evidence that the occurrence of droughts does not raise the...

How costly are droughts to individuals' nutrition in Africa? We measure severe droughts using a detailed satellite-based vegetation index observed bi-monthly for 0.08° grids between 1982 and 2015. Across 32 African countries, conditional on individual characteristics, timing relative to growing...

In order to stress test loan portfolios for the impacts of climate change, historical events need to be analyzed to create templates to stress test for future events. Using the 2012 Midwestern US drought as an example, this work creates a stress-testing template for future droughts. The analysis...

Water scarcity is a growing problem in many regions worldwide. According to the United Nations, around one-fifth of the world's population lives in areas where water is scarce. Another one-quarter of the world's population has to face water supply cuts, mainly because this proportion of the...

Der Klimawandel verändert die Anbaubedingungen der Landwirtschaft in Deutschland. Spätestens seit den Dürrejahren 2018-2022 ist deutlich geworden, dass die klimatischen Veränderungen weitreichende Auswirkungen auf die Wasserverfügbarkeit und -nutzung bedeuten. Diese Entwicklung führt lokal...

Due to local climatic characteristics, water availability in the semi-arid region, a large territory that covers more than one thousand and four hundred municipalities in Brazil, is comparatively low. Initiatives by the federal public authorities to alleviate the consequences of low availability...

In 2015, Southern Africa experienced a drought that affected approximately 30 million people across seven countries. Using a nationally representative household panel survey dataset and a remotely sensed measure of drought intensity during the 2015/16 farming season, we rigorously estimate the...

In 2015, Southern Africa experienced a drought that affected approximately 30 million people across seven countries. Using a nationally representative household panel survey data set and a remotely sensed measure of drought intensity during the 2015-16 farming season, we rigorously estimate the...

Preserving ecosystem services and economic and environmental benefits will require future landscape policies to identify and incorporate specific landscape features. In this paper we define the term, agricultural landscape simplification, as the reduced compositional and configurational...

Every year, 245 million women are victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). Climate change is hypothesized to exacerbate this figure through its disruptive impact on household livelihoods, among other channels. However, little causal evidence exists on this aspect of the climate-gender nexus,...

Climate change impacts are intensifying worldwide, with the harshest consequences borne by vulnerable developing countries that face high exposure and limited capacity to adapt. Although international agreements commit wealthy donor countries to provide adaptation finance, actual transfers...

We combine 2008-2023 county-level yield data with 30-meter crop classification imagery to test whether crop diversity mitigates yield losses from weather shocks. Diversity is measured with the exponential Shannon index, capturing county-level species richness and evenness as the effective number...

Climate change impacts are intensifying worldwide, with the harshest consequences borne by vulnerable developing countries that face high exposure and limited capacity to adapt. Although international agreements commit wealthy donor countries to provide adaptation finance, actual transfers...

Drought conditions have affected large parts of south-eastern Europe, the eastern Mediterranean, and the Black Sea since early 2025, with a partial and temporary recovery in late spring and another worsening in early summer, with concern for the coming months. Above-average temperatures in...

Changing weather patterns pose a fundamental challenge to electricity systems reliant on water resources. Using two decades of plant-level generation and fuel input data matched to hydrological basins in Chile, we show that local droughts reduce hydro output by about 20% on average and trigger...

This paper examines the long-term impacts of early-life drought exposure on the human capital and socioeconomic outcomes of women born in the Arab Republic of Egypt, Jordan, and Morocco across more than five decades. Using a pooled cross-section of 13 rounds of the Demographic and Health...

This paper examines the impact of negative precipitation shocks (droughts) on labor markets in the Middle East and North Africa region. Using Labor Force Survey data across five countries over approximately 25 years and matched with fifth generation of atmospheric reanalysis produced by the...

We combine 2008-2023 county-level yield data with 30-meter crop classification imagery to test whether crop diversity mitigates yield losses from weather shocks. Diversity is measured with the exponential Shannon index, capturing county-level species richness and evenness as the effective number...

Climatic shocks exacerbate consumption volatility and seasonality. When facing fluctuations in labor needs and prices, low-income rural households may rationally increase their consumption during specific seasons rather than maintaining it constant throughout the year. This makes the optimal...

This working paper examines financial tools for drought risk management in the water sector, focusing on meso-level stakeholders like water utilities, irrigation associations, and reservoir operators. While existing literature often concentrates on micro and macro-level financing, this paper...