This paper investigates carbon emissions materiality with regards to financial statements and investigates potential methods of accounting for carbon emission rights. We investigate whether some of the largest U.S. companies should be required to discuss and quantify greenhouse gas emissions, as...

This study explores potential environmental impacts related to the use of biological resources to provide evidence of how bioeconomy innovations could support the reduction of the environmental footprint of the EU consumption, by substituting conventional (mainly fossil) materials, energy and...

Sustainable economic growth depends on inclusive and resilient communities and requires investment in social infrastructure, affordable and sustainable housing, gender equality, education and healthcare. The EIB Group places sustainability at the heart of its strategy, aligning its activities...

This study investigates the integration of ESG principles in the Greek banking sector through a comparative analysis of the four systemic banks-National Bank of Greece, Eurobank, Piraeus Bank, and Alpha Bank-during 2019-2023. Using a qualitative approach based on secondary data, including...

This paper analyzes firms' restatements of their Scope 1 emission numbers after the Securities and Exchange Commission's request for public input on climate-related disclosure in March 2021. Using data from the Carbon Disclosure Project, we find a marked increase in the frequency and magnitude...

Purpose: This study examines how five resource efficiency accounting (REA) tools - Material Flow Analysis (MFA), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Product-level Resource Accounting (PRA), Carbon Accounting (CA), and Natural Capital Accounting (NCA) - affect Corporate Environmental Performance (CEP)...

The paper investigates the effect of environmental policies on the market valuation of companies within the European Union's Industrial sector, along with traditional financial indicators. Taking into account the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive imposed by the European Union...

The aim of this research is to investigate the concept of double materiality embedded in sustainability reporting requirements that address both business and society perspectives. In light of stakeholder, legitimacy, and institutional theories, this document explores how environmental, social,...

Insurance companies are expected to play a critical part in the transition to a net-zero, resilient, and socially just economy. Not only can they impact changes through sustainable investing and underwriting, but they can also make a contribution with their own sustainable and inclusive...

This paper discusses the evolution of sustainability reporting from voluntary to mandatory reporting under the European Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive 2022/2464 (CSRD). The issues addressed are the evolution of sustainability reporting, the theoretical foundations that explain the...

The construction of the Tehran-Shomal Freeway is a major infrastructural project in Iran aimed at enhancing connectivity between Tehran and northern regions. This study evaluates the environmental impacts associated with the construction of the third section of this freeway. Using Life Cycle...

This study examines the degree of alignment between the actual environmental performance and the ESG disclosures of 365 listed financial institutions in Europe for the fiscal year 2024. Although ESG reporting has become a standard practice in the financial sector, there are still concerns that...

Energy-related carbon emissions from the transportation sector are one of the major obstacles to achieving global carbon reduction targets. Current research on transportation energy mainly focuses on the energy end-use stage, with a lack of simulations covering both the front-end and end-use...

In today's environment, ensuring sustainable development is one of the long-term goals of any state, and therefore consideration of new approaches and concepts remains relevant. The purpose of this study was to investigate approaches to accounting in the context of the circular economy. The...

As the impacts of climate change become increasingly pronounced, the urgency for comprehensive and effective policy responses has intensified. Concerted efforts need to be made to contribute to decarbonising and meeting net zero targets in time. For this, Horizon Europe supports R&I addressing...

The introduction of the CSRD represents the largest regulatory intervention in external reporting in decades. Sustainability statements now have to be issued in accordance with the ESRS, which include numerous Disclosure Requirements and datapoints, and prepared in a standardized,...

As expected, this decade is proving to be decisive in dealing with climate change. 2023 and 2024 have seen temperature records broken around the world and subsequent climate change trends that are transforming the planet, with Europe warming faster than any other continent. Along with all other...

Purpose - The primary objective of this research is to chronicle how the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other United States Federal Government Agencies (USFGA) agencies have played a role in shaping the trajectory of financial reporting for sustainability, with a particular emphasis...

A detailed analysis of non-financial and sustainability reporting may indicate companies' attention to and responsibility regarding environmental, social, and economic aspects. This article investigates the correlation between environmental performance as a non-financial metric and financial...

Greenwashing is a generic term used for breaches and misleading claims about the sustainability credentials of various legal provisions, ranging from unfair competition, securities laws infringements and unethical advertising to wrong corporate disclosure. This paper focuses on the latter....

This second edition of the European Maritime Transport Environmental Report (EMTER 2025) examines the progress made towards achieving Europe's decarbonisation targets and environmental goals for the maritime sector while indicating the most important trends, key challenges, and opportunities....

We map the mining sector in Europe, with a focus on Energy Transition Metals (ETMs), and present an in-depth analysis of the environmental impact and associated monetary costs, at the regional level, of extraction activities. We aim to offer a spatially disaggregated view of the current mining...