In the rental residential building stock, the landlord-tenant-dilemma is a well-known barrier to investments in energy efficiency and exacerbated where rent control limits the possibility to raise rents to finance landlords' investments. Some jurisdictions, like Germany, allow landlords to...

In the "Fit for 55" package of July 2021, the European Commission proposed inter alia a revision of the energy taxation directive with the intent of increasing tax rates for fossil fuels that should contribute to achieving the EU's emission reduction targets for 2030. Since then, climate policy...

We estimate the causal effects of a pandemic-era wage subsidy program in Canada on job losses and business closures. Our estimates use administrative microdata and a regression discontinuity strategy to estimate the effects of marginal changes in the wage subsidy rate. The estimated net wage...

Scholars and practitioners are torn between diverging viewpoints on the contribution of foreign assistance and foreign direct investment to the economic development, economic growth, and prosperity of Africa. This paper aims to examine the long-term and causal relationship between foreign direct...

A concern in higher education policy is that students are taking longer to graduate. One possible reason for this observation is an increase in off-campus labor market participation among college students. Financial aid may play a role in the labor/study choice of college students-as college...

A concern in higher education policy is that students are taking longer to graduate. One possible reason for this observation is an increase in off-campus labor market participation among college students. Financial aid may play a role in the labor/study choice of college students-as college...

The main goal of foreign aid should be the support of developing regions; however, due to the rising international requirements on the amount of provided aid, donors start to focus on the benefits aid can bring them as well. Both country-specific and general studies have been conducted to...

Foreign aid is an important means of finance for governments of developing countries. The current study investigates whether too much inflow of aid to developing countries is beneficial or harmful to their economy and whether institutional quality and economic freedom matters in aid–growth...

This working paper provides a summary of three systematic reviews on the effectiveness of aid in Afghanistan, Mali, and South Sudan between 2008 and 2021. These three countries, like all other highly fragile countries, suffer from bad governance, lack of capacity, and violence. The systematic...

Financial aid decreases the cost of acquiring additional education. By using Italian administrative and survey data on financial aid recipients and exploiting sharp discontinuities in the amount of aid received, this paper identifies the causal effect of aid generosity on college performance and...

We analyze the effects of a large place-based policy, subsidizing up to 50% of the investment costs of manufacturing firms in East Germany. We show that a one-percentage-point decrease in the subsidy rate leads to a 1% decrease in manufacturing employment. We document important local spillovers...

This study explores the impact of COVID-19 and how Vietnamese citizens perceived and experienced measures adopted by central and local governments to contain the CVODI-19 pandemic in 2021. In general, the COVID-19 pandemic had a more severe impact in 2021 than in 2020. Citizens showed great...

This paper constructs a three-party evolutionary game model and analyzes the influence of each subject's behavior probability on the strategies of other subjects and the stability of the system. Based on field survey data, we simulate and analyze the effects of total government subsidies, the...

This study was conducted to analyze the current situation of results-based management in Korea's ODA agencies and to find ways to reform the results-based management system. To this end, a fact-finding survey and literature review were conducted for the government agencies implementing ODA. This...

A common aim of rent control is to assist low-income households. We test the income-distributional effects of rent control with a novel dataset that includes characteristics of those who received rent-controlled apartments between 2011 and 2016 in central Stockholm, Sweden, through a centrally...

Helping the economy through state intervention is in principle forbidden in the European Union. Article 107(1) TFEU, contains a general prohibition of state aid, defined as aid granted by MS (MS) through state resources, which distorts or threatens to distort competition by favouring certain...

China's new energy vehicle (NEV) industry has grown rapidly and led the world recently, benefiting from the policy incentives with fiscal subsidies as a key component. Fiscal subsidies have been drastically cut in recent years, causing dramatic fluctuations in the industrial chain. Based on...

Energy subsidies are common. This letter establishes that the method of cost recovery has important implications for household welfare. We use an analytical model to elicit the conditions under which household welfare losses are minimised by each of three common cost recovery methods. We...

The notion of envy-freeness is a natural and intuitive fairness requirement in resource allocation. With indivisible goods, such fair allocations are unfortunately not guaranteed to exist. Classical works have avoided this issue by introducing an additional divisible resource, i.e., money, to...

Motivated by the problems of imbalance between the supply of and demand for the different levels of hospitals in a hierarchical healthcare system, we propose two contract mechanisms: patient subsidy and capacity investment. Under the patient subsidy scheme, each patient who chooses the primary...

Japan’s Official Development Assistance (ODA) to China started in 1979 and ended in 2018. It was a typical case of bilateral aid from the perspective of geographic proximity, cultural similarity, and history. According to JICA data, Japan was one of the major donors that provided aid to China...

Given the negative impacts of fisheries subsidies on trade, the environment and sustainable development, there have been concerns for eliminating fisheries subsidies via international instruments following the development of international fisheries law, and international trade law, in...

We use a labor search model with heterogenous households and firms to study the efficacy of a wage subsidy during a pandemic, relative to enhancing unemployment benefits. A large proportion of the economy is forced to shut down, and firms in that sector choose whether to lay off workers or keep...

*May 5, 2022: New version includes Green Sheet*The World Bank aims to further expand and adjust its global footprint by the mid-2020s, especially in lower-income countries and those affected by fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV). This first-of-its-kind evaluation assesses the effectiveness...

Subsidized primary care and community health worker (CHW) visits are important demand side policies in the effort to achieve universal health care for children under five. Causal evidence on the effects of these policies, alone and in interaction, is still sparse. This paper reports the effects...

This study develops a computable general equilibrium model for Nigeria, which accounts for informality, tax evasion, and fuel smuggling. By studying the impact of fuel subsidy reform on consumption, tax incidence, and fiscal efficiency, it shows that the presence of illicit activities...

Subsidization of urban public transportation systems is often motivated by economies of scale and second-best considerations such as an underpriced road alternative. We model a public transit line subject to frictions between users, users and vehicles, and vehicles. We derive the profit- and...

How does an authoritarian donor's domestic political economy shape its aid practices? We probe into the case of China, the largest authoritarian donor in the world, and contend that the regime survival imperative drives China's aid policies to prioritize commercial interests and sustain the...

For economists, the task of paramount importance is not only to generalize the experience of the effectiveness of previously introduced economic sanctions but also to study all kinds of effects (both positive and negative) of modern large-scale economic sanctions against Russia. The term...

This paper attempts to examine the product innovation by R&D subsidies policies in a supply chain by supplier. This study derives a model for a supplier’s product innovation R&D subsidies policy. The product innovation of supplier can contribute to the long-term competitiveness for the supply...

This working paper analyses the nature of international adaptation finance received in Kenya and Tanzania, with particular emphasis on the extent to which the projects were devolved and thus potentially more responsive to the priorities for climate change adaptation as determined by local...