Russia apparently aims to be capable of attacking targets in the Baltic Sea region from Lake Ladoga, which is located north of Saint Petersburg and only 40 kilometres from the Finnish border. Since 2023, Russia has been evaluating the deployment of corvettes equipped with cruise missiles there....

Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine marked the start of a prolonged confrontation between Moscow and Europe - one that is fundamentally reshaping the parameters of European security. The return of Donald Trump to the White House and his stated intent to quickly end the war in Ukraine and put...

This policy brief considers the economic dependencies of Finland and the European Union on the United States. We seek to provide an overview of dependencies related to foreign trade, direct investment and finance, excluding closely related topics such as technological dependencies. The US is a...

Microeconomic theory posits that in competitive markets, wages are determined by the marginal revenue product of labor. This study empirically tests this theoretical prediction using comprehensive firm-level register data from Finland's manufacturing and service industries in years 2000-2022. We...

Microeconomic theory posits that in competitive markets, wages are determined by the marginal revenue product of labor. This study empirically tests this theoretical prediction using comprehensive firm-level register data from Finland's manufacturing and service industries in years 2000-2022. We...

Finland offers a subsidy to employers for hiring individuals with low employment prospects. In 2015, changes to the subsidy's funding caused some regions to unexpectedly suspend new subsidy grants. I examine wages and employment in these regions using a differences-in-differences setting, with...

The concept of multi-local living is a current and growing phenomenon in Nordic countries and elsewhere. However, the changes that multi-local causes in the temporal recreational activity of areas have remained unknown because official population statistics are not capable of detecting the...

This policy brief considers the economic dependencies of Finland and the European Union on the United States. We seek to provide an overview of dependencies related to foreign trade, direct investment and finance, excluding closely related topics such as technological dependencies. The US is a...

This report examines the factors shaping productivity in Finland's private service industries. Specifically, we focus on the link between capital intensity and labor productivity, as well as the allocation of labor. In addition, the report highlights the roles of global megatrends, such as...

Purpose: This study examined how vocational education and training (VET) students' satisfaction of basic psychological needs in VET learning environments, namely autonomy, competence, and relatedness, is related to their burnout and intention to leave VET. Self- Determination Theory was employed...

In Finland, the preparation and implementation of the RBMPs is done by 14 regional authorities: 13 Centres for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment (ELY Centers); and the Government of Åland. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and the Ministry of Environment are together...

The Floods Directive (FD) established a framework for flood risk management. It foresees 6-yearly cycles aiming at the reduction of the adverse consequences associated with floods in the European Union (EU). The first cycle covered the period 2010-15. The second cycle covers the period 2016-21....

The Floods Directive (FD) established a framework for flood risk management (FRM). It foresees 6-yearly cycles aiming to reduce the adverse consequences associated with floods in the European Union (EU). The first cycle covered the period 2010-15. The second cycle covered the period 2016-21. The...

A traditionally top-performing education system is facing growing challenges in terms of declining basic skills and rising early school leaving rates, although Finnish students still outperform their European peers. To reverse these negative trends, Finland has increased instruction hours and is...

The Education and Training Monitor's country reports present and assess the main recent and ongoing policy development at all education levels in the 27 EU Member States. They give the reader more in-depth insight into the performance of a country as regards the EU-level targets agreed within...

The Education and Training Monitor's country reports present and assess the main recent and ongoing policy development at all education levels in the 27 EU Member States. They give the reader more in-depth insight into the performance of a country as regards the EU-level targets agreed within...

The commercial real estate (CRE) market is an important source of financial stability risks, yet ownership structures remain opaque. This paper uses comprehensive Finnish register data to construct firm-level ownership network and identify owners of CRE firms. We document that government...

This policy brief presents one such initiative: a Peer2Peer study visit by the Andalusian delegation to their counterparts in Finland and Denmark. Facilitated by the Joint Research Centre and supported by the TAIEX-REGIO Peer2Peer instrument in collaboration with DG REGIO, the visit aimed to...

Using a shift-share instrument, I study inflows of foreign-background immigrants to Finland and estimate how immigration affects natives' earnings at various points of the income distribution. My point estimates for the earnings effects of immigration are negative and statistically significant...

Cedefop's work on qualifications frameworks dates back to 2003. The Centre has contributed to the conceptual development of the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) and has supported its further implementation, working alongside national authorities and stakeholders to introduce and develop...

The aim is to identify gaps in the monitoring network for Finland according to the revised Ambient Air Quality Directive (Directive (EU) 2024/2881). The analysis is conducted considering the data officially reported by Finland for the last five years (2019-2023) to EEA's Repornet2. Data has been...

Russia apparently aims to be capable of attacking targets in the Baltic Sea region from Lake Ladoga, which is located north of Saint Petersburg and only 40 kilometres from the Finnish border. Since 2023, Russia has been evaluating the deployment of corvettes equipped with cruise missiles there....

Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine marked the start of a prolonged confrontation between Moscow and Europe - one that is fundamentally reshaping the parameters of European security. The return of Donald Trump to the White House and his stated intent to quickly end the war in Ukraine and put...

Closer distance between parents and their children facilitates intergenerational contact and exchanges of support in later life. There are mixed narratives and evidence regarding the divergence—or convergence—of intergenerational proximity in ageing societies. In this study, we examine the...