Recycling indicators are useful for characterizing anthropogenic metal cycles. While there are suitable and generally accepted recycling indicators at the global level, they are not necessarily useful for regional cycles (where the region of interest can be a part of country, an entire country...

This Working Paper presents a brief but comprehensive graphical overview of copper contained in international trade, from copper concentrates through to finished products. Extensive data checks and a simple consolidation method were performed before visualizing the data on world maps. While data...

The Iranian economy has greatly benefited from the lifting of international sanctions in 2016, when the JCPOA nuclear deal came into force. Oil production and exports rebounded strongly, which spilled over into non-oil sectors. However, the economy is yet to return to its 1976 peak in real per...

In 2010, the first economic adjustment program began offering a blueprint for economic recovery and a feasible way for Greece to emerge from the crisis. The authors show that Greece neither overcame its structural weaknesses nor developed export industries as a driver of growth in the course of...

The urban population growth in developing countries, the middle class expansion and the increase in per capita income have increased the demand for food. This work aims to identify, from the Constant Market Share (CMS) method, the sources of growth of agricultural exports among the main...

Recycling indicators are useful for characterizing anthropogenic metal cycles. While there are suitable and generally accepted recycling indicators at the global level, they are not necessarily useful for regional cycles (where the region of interest can be a part of country, an entire country...

This paper examines the evolution of national competition (antitrust) policies and enforcement approaches vis-à-vis intellectual property rights (IPRs) and associated anti-competitive practices in major jurisdictions over the past several decades. It focuses especially on the underlying process...

The economic effects from labor market integration are crucially affected by the extent to which countries are open to trade. In this paper we build a multi-country dynamic general equilibrium model with trade in goods and labor mobility across countries to study and quantify the economic...

On 23rd February 2017, SUERF and EY organized a conference on "Brexit and the Implications for Financial Services" at EY's offices, Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London. While the outcome of the Brexit negotiations remains highly uncertain, the conference discussed the burning questions for...

The urban population growth in developing countries, the middle class expansion and the increase in per capita income have increased the demand for food. This work aims to identify, from the Constant Market Share (CMS) method, the sources of growth of agricultural exports among the main...

International trade and fragmentation of production lead to increased trade in intermediate goods. Increased multi-stage production promotes the formation of free-trade agreements (FTA). In this paper, the relationship between intermediates trade and FTAs is examined with a two-step Pseudo...

Integration into the international economic processes and liberalization of foreign economic ties are a prerequisite for the economic development of those developing countries, which have small economy. Present level of globalization highlighted the issues of liberalization of economic activity,...

The Internet greatly increases firms' potential to produce new goods and service for new markets. The Internet is also having a dramatic impact on services, especially in the retail, trade and finance sectors, by enabling firms to digitize their products and deliver them over long distances....

Based on previous observations, there is no doubt that trade enhanced economic growth. This is especially valid in regard to international trade as it can help or hinder entire regions, thus adding to the issue of international security. In this book, we tried to collect texts that would not...