We study the effect of a corruption reflection index on internal conflict in Iran using a novel measure of corruption based on newspaper coverage. We use the Vector Autoregression (VAR) model and its applied tools of impulse response and variance decomposition analyses to track the response of...

This article analyses the state of democracy in 2020. The world is still more democratic than it was in the 1970s and 1980s, but a trend of autocratization is ongoing and affecting 25 countries in 2020, home to 34% of the world’s population. At the same time, the number of democratizing...

EU policy considers disinformation to be harmful content, rather than illegal content. However, EU member states have recently been making disinformation illegal. This article discusses the definitions that form the basis of EU disinformation policy, and analyses national legislation in EU...

This article focuses on mashup music, a form of sampling expression combining samples from two or more recognisable and popular music recordings into a new whole. It explains how platforms often regulate, displace and silence mashup producers, through a combination of content identification and...

The use of internet and digital platforms in Indonesia has been growing massively, where information exchange between users is continuous and fast-paced, especially on user-generated content (UGC) platforms such as social media, digital marketplaces, knowledge sharing, and entertainment. This...

Indonesia's digital economy is predicted to grow to reach USD124 billion in 2025 but this huge potential would only be realizable with the support of an adequate regulatory framework. The Center of Indonesia Policy Studies has conducted a series of research and advocacy to define the steps that...

EU policy considers disinformation to be harmful content, rather than illegal content. However, EU member states have recently been making disinformation illegal. This article discusses the definitions that form the basis of EU disinformation policy, and analyses national legislation in EU...

This article focuses on mashup music, a form of sampling expression combining samples from two or more recognisable and popular music recordings into a new whole. It explains how platforms often regulate, displace and silence mashup producers, through a combination of content identification and...

The use of internet and digital platforms in Indonesia has been growing massively, where information exchange between users is continuous and fast-paced, especially on user-generated content (UGC) platforms such as social media, digital marketplaces, knowledge sharing, and entertainment. This...

This paper investigates the effects of state censorship of opposition media using evidence from the closing of RCTV, a popular opposition television channel in Venezuela. The government did not renew RCTV's license, and the channel was replaced overnight, during May 2007, by a pro-government...

The rise of the Internet and the emergence of social media platforms have raised several questions concerning the exercise of the right to free speech as well as its judicial protection which fall under the constitutional umbrella.1 In particular, the phenomenon of social media influencers has...

This paper investigates the effects of state censorship of opposition media using evidence from the closing of RCTV, a popular opposition television channel in Venezuela. The government did not renew RCTV's license, and the channel was replaced overnight, during May 2007, by a pro-government...

Introduction: Hydrocolonialism : the view from the dockside -- The custom house and hydrocolonial governance -- Customs and objects on a hydrocolonial frontier -- Copyright on a hydrocolonial frontier -- Censorship on a hydrocolonial frontier -- Conclusion: Dockside genres and postcolonial...

For nearly three decades, Ethiopia's current ruling party, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), has maintained its power through a highly centralized, vanguard party system. Recently, the Ethiopian government has extensively used the provisions of the Ethiopian...

In this paper, we examine how online political micro-targeting is regulated in Europe. While there are no specific rules on such micro-targeting, there are general rules that apply. We focus on three fields of law: data protection law, freedom of expression, and sector-specific rules for...

Relying upon the work of Cory Doctorow, this paper argues that Australia's copyright regime for site-blocking and search-filtering poses a threat to consumer rights, competition policy, and Internet Freedom. This paper first reviews the model of the Copyright Amendment (Online Infringement) Act...

This paper investigates the effects of state censorship of opposition media using evidence from the closing of RCTV, a popular opposition television channel in Venezuela. The government did not renew RCTV's license, and the channel was replaced overnight, during May 2007, by a pro-government...

How will governments and courts protect civil liberties in this new era of hacktivism? Ethical Hacking discusses the attendant moral and legal issues. The first part of the 21st century will likely go down in history as the era when ethical hackers opened governments and the line of transparency...

We develop a theory of information flows and political regime change, when citizens use information and communication technologies (ICTs) for both information acquisition and protest coordination. Governments can respond by obfuscation of citizens' signal or by restricting access to ICTs used...

This paper presents the first empirical analysis of the impact of Parliamentary immunity on the behavior and performance of politicians. Leveraging a Constitutional Amendment, the adoption of which lifted the immunity of 132 of the 550 members of the Turkish Parliament, we find that losing...

1. Digital shutdown -- 2. Internet and Politics -- 3. Internet and Nationalism -- 4. Social Media and Shutdown Activism -- 5. Digital Politics and Internet -- 6. Internet and Territorial sovereignty -- 7. Social Media/Media governance -- 8. Livelihood and Digital shutdown -- 9. Politics of...

"For the better part of a century, the Left has been waging a slow, methodical battle for control of the institutions of Western Civilization. During most of that time, "business" - and American Big Business, in particular - remained the last redoubt for those who believed in free people, free...

The purpose of this paper is to explore the risks of privatised enforcement in the field of terrorism propaganda, stemming from the EU Code of conduct on countering illegal hate speech online. By shedding light on this Code, the author argues that implementation of it may undermine the rule of...

As information and communication technology developed, online sphere connected with Internet network appeared. That is, many elements of the existing offline sphere have moved to online without time and space restrictions. For example, various activities ranging from simple communication with...

Der indische Ökonom und Philosoph, Nobelpreis- und Friedenspreisträger, beschreibt in sechs Lektionen, wie Gerechtigkeit in einer globalisierten Welt aussieht. Obwohl vor der Menschheit eine Herkules-Aufgabe liegt, verbreitet Amartya Sen gleichzeitig die Zuversicht, dass sie gelingen kann

As the internet has been regulated from its conception, many widespread beliefs regarding internet freedom are actually misconceptions. Additionally, there are already two main categories of internet regulation systems in use: the open and the silent IRSs. Unexpectedly, the former are quite...

The Japanese law "Act on Regulation and Punishment of Acts Relating to Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, and the Protection of Children" (the Child Pornography Prohibition Act) does not regulate virtual child pornography such as comics, cartoons, animation, and games. As a result, cases...

The Japanese law "Act on Regulation and Punishment of Acts Relating to Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, and the Protection of Children"(the Child Pornography Prohibition Act) does not regulate virtual child pornography such as comics, cartoons, animation, and games. As a result, cases...

We argue that, for a given level of scientific knowledge, tolerance and diversity are conducive to technological creativity and innovation. In particular, we show that variations in innovation within Prussia during the second industrial revolution can be ascribed to differences in religious...

Freedom of expression and press freedom are influenced by economic and power arrangements in society and the information age is not altering that fundamental principle. The social, economic, and technical changes underlying information society are altering some existing structural arrangements...

A sharp increase in web encryption and a worldwide shift away from standalone websites in favor of social media and online publishing platforms has altered the practice of state-level Internet censorship and in some cases led to broader crackdowns, the Internet Monitor project at the Berkman...

We study a coordination game of incomplete information in which only a coordinated attack would succeed in toppling a regime. Without communication, efficient coordination is impossible in this environment. We study how communication between citizens can facilitate efficient coordination. We...