The transition to a low-carbon economy requires significant investments in green technologies and infrastructure. Despite growing demand for sustainable finance, investment barriers persist, hindering the flow of capital towards environmentally sustainable projects. Building on a literature...

Foreword -- Preface -- Executive Summary -- Session 1: Energy, Climate, Growth -- Chair: Jayant Sinha -- Speakers: Jessica Seddon, Robert Stavins, Arunabha Ghosh -- Session 2: Technology, Policy, Jobs -- Chair: Sachin Chaturvedi -- Speakers: Paul Samson, Albert van Jaarsveld, Debjani Ghosh --...

Banking is important for the stability and success of the economy. The success of the banking system on financial intermediation in developing countries is directly affected by non-performing loans (NPLs). Many factors can be treated as NPL determinants. Accordingly, the factors that explain...

While uncertainty shocks affect equity markets at various investment horizons, knowledge about the causal effects of uncertainty and equity markets in the frequency domain is scant among the Group of Twenty (G20) countries regarded as systemically important economies. This paper explores the...

This working paper identifies the sources of human capital growth for the observation period 1990-2020 by region, gender and various determinants. It is a preliminary version of a forthcoming UNESCO/ Kyushu University Urban Institute Inclusive Wealth Report 2023 chapter. It focuses on five...

This paper reviews and updates the indicator system constructed by previous scholars. The update of the index includes: Firstly, the latest data of 2021 is added to the original data of 1990-2020. Secondly, the World Bank's indicator system has been restructured and optimized, for example by...

This paper uses export and import shares of intermediate goods to assess the extent of integration of G20 and non-G20 nations, including least developed countries (LDCs), in global value chains (GVCs). The G20's intermediate trade, especially the imports, recovered fast during and immediately...

This review considers the impact of various indicators, especially green finance, on green growth within the G-20 framework. Quantile regression results used as the analysis method showed that green growth was statistically significantly and positively affected by green finance. In addition to...

The present study assesses how governance affects information and communication technology (ICT) at the global level contingent on macroeconomic policy factors such as trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), manufacturing value added, and agricultural value added. The study focuses on 183...

This progress report to the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors provides an update on the Basel Committee's analytical work on the 2023 banking turmoil. It includes updated empirical analysis on a range of liquidity-related issues highlighted by the turmoil, including distressed...

The COVID-19 situation has accelerated the adoption of e-commerce across the world. While, globally, there has been an increase in the share of e-commerce in total retail sales, there are variations in e-commerce adoption across countries and the difference is obtrusive when one compares...

This study analyses the influence of the US and China, the world manufacturing powerhouses, over the performance of the manufacturing sector of G20 countries from the lens of forecasting. Building upon the Bayesian additive regression tree (BART) with vector autoregression and stochastic...

The G20, or Group of Twenty, is an international forum consisting of the world's 20 largest economies, including the European Union. Established in 1999, the G20's main aim is to promote international economic cooperation and coordination. The G20 meets annually at a summit attended by heads of...

The UN and the European Commission have revised downward the global GDP growth estimate to 3.1–3.2% in 2022, a decrease compared with the IMF outlook released in April (3.6%). The economic growth outlooks for China and the US in 2022 were lowered to 4.2–4.6% and 2.4–2.9%, respectively. At...

Global economic growth rates keep slowing down with economic outlooks getting worse. In August, Moody’s lowered projections of G20’s growth rates to 2.5% in 2022. By Moody’s estimates, the eurozone will be facing recession in 2023. The factors affecting the economic situation include an...

The G20 representing the world’s major developed and developing countries is witnessing a troika for the very first time of developing countries—Indonesia, India, and Brazil. India at the helm of the G20 presidency can strengthen its ties while shouldering the responsibility to lead the...

In the background of global warming, worldwide energy and environmental governance had received increasing attention. Measuring environmentally adjusted multi-factor productivity (EAMFP) can highlight the contribution of natural capital to economic development and the negative impact of...

This paper examines the presence of a contagion effect between Chinese and G20 stock markets as well as its intensity over a recent period from 1st January 2013 to 7 April 2022. The empirical study is conducted using the time-varying copula approach. The obtained results show strong evidence of...

This Brief first seeks to understand India's international and domestic motivations in pursuing such an active G20 presidency. It further looks at how the Indian regime is seeking to propagate its own civilisational worldviews while pursuing a transactional foreign policy. For the purpose of...

Trade measures introduced by G20 economies have become more restrictive in recent months, according to the 30th WTO Trade Monitoring Report on G20 trade measures issued on 18 December. The report shows that between mid-May and mid-October 2023, G20 economies introduced more trade-restrictive...

This report was developed by the Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion (GPFI) under the G20 India Presidency. Powered by digital financial services (DFS), there has been progress globally on financial inclusion, but several challenges remain. In the rapidly evolving DFS landscape and...

The COVID-19 situation has accelerated the adoption of e-commerce across the world. While, globally, there has been an increase in the share of e-commerce in total retail sales, there are variations in e-commerce adoption across countries and the difference is obtrusive when one compares...

This Brief first seeks to understand India's international and domestic motivations in pursuing such an active G20 presidency. It further looks at how the Indian regime is seeking to propagate its own civilisational worldviews while pursuing a transactional foreign policy. For the purpose of...

Dealing constructively with subsidies in global commerce is central to G20 leaders' goal of reforming and strengthening the multilateral trading system. The growing use of distortive subsidies alters trade and investment flows, detracts from the value of tariff bindings and other market access...

On March 25, 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic swept across the world, the heads of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank proposed that the leaders of the world's 20 largest economies, the Group of 20 (G20), provide breathing space by suspending the collection of debt service on...

Given its developmental underpinnings, adaptation finance has remained largely within the government purview of many developing countries. However, due to the exacerbation of climate impacts, there is a dire need to augment this source with private capital. This paper discusses the current...

THIS PAPER PROVIDES AN EVALUATION of China’s participation in the G20’s COVID-19 Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI). Through analysis of available data, more than 100 interviews, and fieldwork in Angola, Kenya, and Zambia, we argue, with some caveats, that the DSSI was a success....