Cyber security and resilience are major challenges in our modern economies; this is why they are top priorities on the agenda of governments, security and defense forces, management of companies and organizations. Hence, the need of a deep understanding of cyber risks to improve resilience. We...

The application of securitization theory to cybersecurity is useful since it subjects the emotive rhetoric of threat construction to critical scrutiny. Floyd’s just securitization theory (JST) constitutes a mixture of securitization theory and just war theory. Unlike traditional securitization...

This study investigates whether cyber risk events occurring in the U.S. are spatially correlated and if so, which socio-economic factors drive these spatially correlated events. We analyze 49 states and 3,132 counties of the U.S. from 2005 to 2020 using the largest dataset of cyber risks and...

Not a day goes by without news about a cyber attack. Fear spreads out and lots of wrong ideas circulate. This survey aims at showing how all these uncertainties about cyber can be transformed into manageable risk. After reviewing the main characteristics of cyber risk, we consider the three...

There are risks and hazards as a result of the necessity for businesses and individuals to employ information technology. Cyber attacks can have significant repercussions. Information system assaults and security breaches are increasing despite the fact that a variety of security procedures have...

This handbook provides an overview of various criminal activities related to cryptocurrencies, including investment scams, Ponzi schemes, rug pulls, ransomware attacks, money laundering, and darknet markets. We discuss the need for user protection and education, centralized entities and...

This study examines whether short sellers detect firm-level data breaches. Using proprietary daily lending data and unique data breach announcements, we investigate whether short selling anticipates prior to corporate data breaches and how it behaves in time leading up to announcements. Using a...

We study the income inequality among streamers using the administrative data of a leading Chinese live-streaming platform. The live-streaming technology enables a superstar to produce new entertainment products matched with demand and occupies a larger market share. Imagine an extreme case; the...

One year after Russia's invasion of Ukraine, certain assumptions about the utility of cyber operations during wartime can now be put to the test. Russian cyber salvos opened this war, but they failed to achieve their objectives in the face of a resilient cyber defender. Joint cyber/conventional...

We propose a taxonomy of cybercrime on the Ethereum blockchain and examine how cybercrime impacts victims' risk-taking and returns. Our difference-in-differences analysis of a sample of victims and matched non-victims suggests that victims increase their long-term total risk-taking and earn...

In our paper “Cybersecurity Risk” (Florackis, C., Louca, C., Michaely, R. and M. Weber. 2023. The Review of Financial Studies, Volume 36, Issue 1, Pages 351-407; https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhac024) we construct a novel firm-level measure of cybersecurity risk using textual analysis of...

We compile a comprehensive dataset of adverse cyber events experienced by U.S. firms. We then categorize cyber incidents by their detrimental impacts on firms' assets and operations and show that firms suffer significant value losses across multiple cyber categories. These losses also spill over...

This study contributes to the emerging literature on the determinants and the consequences of cyberattacks by examining the impact of inside debt compensation on a firm’s likelihood of experiencing a cyberattack and on attacked firms’ cash holdings, R&D investments, and asset tangibility. We...

The purpose of this research is to explore the need for technology for the growth of cyber entrepreneurship in Sri Lankan SMEs. Cyber entrepreneurship is a web-based business where entrepreneurs crate their ventures via web platforms. The burning need for cyber entrepreneurship has emerged with...

Cybersecurity is a significant concern for businesses worldwide among management, stakeholders, and regulators. In this paper, we explore the spillover effect of customer firms’ data breaches on their upstream supplier firms’ cost management strategies, proxied by cost stickiness, a...

This paper utilizes three large databases to better understand the characteristics of cyber loss events, especially how to deal with data biases and how cyber losses evolve over time. We first deal with the problem of report delay with an extended two-stage model in combination with detailed...

This paper employs computational linguistics to introduce a novel text-based measure of firm-level cyber risk exposure based on quarterly earnings conference calls of listed firms. Our quarterly measures are available for more than 13,000 firms from 85 countries over 2002-2021. We document that...

In 1890, when Louis Brandeis and Samuel Warren wrote their seminal work on The Right to Privacy, Japan did not have a word for the concept. Scholars settled on puraibashii a transliteration as opposed to translation, of the word privacy. Today, privacy is closely guarded in Japan; the European...

Artificial intelligence techniques have advanced rapidly in recent years, and their practical applications can be found in a wide range of fields, from facial recognition to image analysis. In order to target the user, malware writers are now attempting to write more progressive, sophisticated...

Cyber risk insurance has been introduced for more than two decades in the United States, yet the insurance market for cyber risk is tiny amounting to 1% ($6.5 billion) of premiums in the U.S. property-casualty insurance market in 2021. In this paper, we analyze what constrains the insurance...

The May 2021 ransomware attack on Colonial Pipeline was a wake-up call for a federal administration slow to realize the dangers that cybersecurity threats pose to our critical national infrastructure. The attack forced hundreds of thousands of Americans along the east coast to stand in endless...

This paper explores the emerging trends in forensic accounting related to fraud investigation and prevention. First, the study conducts a comprehensive literature review to identify key emerging trends: data analytics, cyber forensic accounting, and the impact of cryptocurrencies and blockchain...

The study includes a review of Blockchain endpoint security, and new technologies e.g., IoT. The research methodology applied is a review and case study analysing secondary data on cybersecurity. The research significance is the integration of knowledge from the United States (US), the European...

We show that classical insurance models based on some compound distributions can well predict information leakage by cyber incidents with reducing the computational cost thanks to the model’s simplicity. We use the negative binomial distribution, a renewal process and a Hawkes process as the...

We propose a taxonomy of cybercrime on the Ethereum blockchain and examine how cybercrime impacts victims’ risk-taking and returns. Our difference-in-differences analysis of a sample of victims and matched non-victims suggests that victims increase their long-term total risk-taking and earn...

This paper presents a continuous-time dynamic model of market adoption of cybersecurity. Individuals choose whether and when to make a precautionary investment in self-protection against the evolving security risk of direct attack and indirect contagion. The equilibrium adoption path has a...

We propose a taxonomy of cybercrime on the Ethereum blockchain and examine how cybercrime impacts victims' risk-taking and returns. Our difference-in-differences analysis of a sample of victims and matched non-victims suggests that victims increase their long-term total risk-taking and earn...

The paper provides an up-to-date overview of the data governance framework developed by the People’s Republic of China. The work investigates whether and how the domestic legal framework on data governance has influenced Chinese trade policy with reference to cross-border data flows and...

This article aims at providing an alternative explanation to cybersecurity conundrum in trade. This article takes a systemic and holistic stance to observe cybersecurity by applying an institutionalist approach to analyze the cybersecurity provisions in free trade agreements (hereinafter...

Background: Blockchain is a digitally managed, distributed, and decentralized ledger used to record transactions in an immutable format. Its characteristics in providing trust, transparency, and traceability make it attractive for applications where transactions are involved. Originally intended...

Under-reporting in cyber incidents is a well-established problem. Due to reputational risk and the consequent financial impact, a large proportion of incidents are never disclosed to the public, especially if they do not involve a breach of protected data. Generally, the problem of...