The trade-off between increased representation and perceived quality is central to the debate on how to address underrepresentation in high-profile professions. We address this trade-off using a dynamic model of career selection where juniors value both the identity and perceived quality of...

This paper analyzes risk aversion in discriminatory share auctions. I generalize the k‐step share auction model of Kastl (2011, 2012) and establish that marginal profits are set‐identified for any given coefficient of constant absolute risk aversion. I also derive necessary conditions for...

In this paper, I estimate whether the introduction and expansion of parental leave quotas in Sweden triggered spillovers at the workplace level. Using a regression discontinuity design, I find that the introduction of the quota did not affect the uptake of parental leave of male coworkers....

We evaluate equity-efficiency trade-offs from admissions quotas by examining effects on output once beneficiaries start producing in the relevant industry. In particular, we document the impact of abolishing a 40% quota for male primary school teachers in Finland on their pupils' long-run...

We analyze the effect of employment-quota policies on the development of uncertainty and stereotypes in a model of inaccurate statistical discrimination with ambiguity about worker abilities. We show that, even if group characteristics are identical, higher uncertainty about one group can result...

We analyze the market dynamics that are caused by tariff-rate quotas, particularly the effects of quota license allocation between heterogeneous commodities at the tariff line level. The allocation is endogenously modeled with a mixed complementarity problem approach for the case of the...

Despite valid criticisms, many developing countries have issued non-transferable import licenses to a limited number of final-good producers so as to restrict imports of an input capital equipment. This paper demonstrates that for a given import quota, such licensing restrictions can actually...

We analyze the effect of employment-quota policies on the development of uncertainty and stereotypes in a model of inaccurate statistical discrimination with ambiguity about worker abilities. We show that, even if group characteristics are identical, higher uncertainty about one group can result...

In this paper, I consider a matching model with minimum quotas for one side of the market.The main objective is to find algorithms which respect minimum quo tas and find matchings which are both nonwasteful and fair if there exists such a matching. Otherwise, the algorithms find either fair or...

There has been increasing recognition of the importance of women on corporate boards, however, this thesis has been limited to theoretical analysis in India. In this light, the Companies Act, 2013 appointed a quota system for the appointment of women board members. A prescribes category of...

This paper questions the presumption that transferable quota licenses are worth more and result in higher welfare. We show that the price of a transferable license will tend to be higher than that of its nontransferable counterpart only if the underlying quota is quite restrictive. Despite this,...

Export trade provided for under tariff rate quotas (TRQs) is an important contributor to improving South Africa's export access to European markets. The performance of exporter-administered TRQs has not received much research attention in the context of the below par market access utilisation of...

With imperfectly competitive product markets, producers react to the auction of quota licenses by adjusting price upwards from the free trade level. As a result, license revenues are significantly lower than if markets were perfectly competitive. In fact, they are often zero unless quotas are...

This paper analyzes some aspects of the effects of trade restrictions (such as tariffs, quotas and quality controls) and their desirability when the quantity of the imported good is endogenous, and the foreign producer is a monopolist. It uses a fairly general model based on the work of Spence...

In this paper we quantify the potential revenue available to the U.S. from auctioning import quotas, and the resulting drop in foreign producer surplus relative to free trade. Previous estimates of auction revenue are in the range of $3 7-5.15 billion for 1986 or 1987. Using simulation results...

This paper analyzes the effects of market power on the performance of matching markets with slot-specific transfers. I find that strategic wage posting in such markets does, in general, not result in assortative matching since firms with higher quotas—and thus relatively more market...

Government budget balance forces the endogenous use of distortionary tax instruments" when an exogenous reform is implemented. The aggregate efficiency of such reforms is based" on comparisons of simple summary measures of the Marginal Cost of Funds of the various tariff" or quota changes with...

This paper shows that governments have no incentive to introduce non-tariff barriers when they are free to set tariffs but they do when tariffs are determined cooperatively. We then show three results. First, with trade liberalization, there is a progression from using tariffs only to quotas,...

We estimate that the euro has increased trade within the eurozone by about 26 percent and trade between the eurozone and outsiders by about 12 percent on average for the years 2002-2005 compared to 1995-1998. The percentage increases were smaller for products that were exported every year during...

Available estimates of tariff equivalents of quotas and welfare calculations on the costs of MFA quotas for developing countries are based on the premise of perfect competition in both product and license markets. It is also assumed that the exporting countries which administer the MFA quotas...

This work looks at the policies aimed at promoting female participation in local legislative bodies using a series of changes to electoral law in Poland. We use a difference-in-discontinuities design to examine the effect of an introduction of a female quota on female participation in local...

In this paper, we develop a unified variational inequality framework in the context of spatial price network equilibrium problems that captures world trade policies in the form of tariff rate quotas, which are two-tiered tariffs, and that have been applied in practice to numerous commodities....

In this paper, we develop a global supply chain network model in which profit-maximizing firms engage in competition in the production and distribution of products in the presence of quantitative trade policy instruments in the form of tariff rate quotas. Tariff rate quotas are two-tiered...

We study how the presence of a monthly revenue-based quota impacts a retailer's profits when prices are negotiated by a salesperson. Utilizing transaction level data for refrigerators, we first provide reduced form evidence that prices are impacted by the quota: the negotiated discounts are...

We consider the problem of allocating a tariff-rate quota among a small number of firms which act as middlemen between competitive producers and atomistic consumers and can import a perfect substitute at a fixed world price. We compare the traditional license-on-demand regime to administer such...

The U.S. complaint about Chinese tariff-rate quotas (TRQs) on certain grain products helps illustrate several key issues in U.S. - China trade relations and the effectiveness of WTO disputes. First, do international obligations based on transparency and fairness work in relation to an...

I conceptualise the informal outlines of a new voting system / mechanism that is more holistic and democratically just – the proposed alternative would incorporate (gender) quotas amongst other fundamental, important aspects. The conceptual outline seeks to resolve the primary (intellectual)...

Analyses of import quota regimes typically ignore institutional features under which the quota licenses are administered. However, distributing the bulk of import licenses to a small number of firms can create oligopsony power and hence affect the level of quota rent and the potential success of...

This article investigates the policy active importers' incentives and welfare implications of using production and trade policies in a dynamic framework where production decisions occur before consumption decisions. We show that the equilibrium for production taxes and quotas are not equivalent,...

A Nash equilibrium is determined for licenses‐on‐demand import quotas where licenses are allocated on a prorated basis. Inefficiency is incurred because licenses are allocated to high‐cost firms. The ability to overbid exacerbates the inefficiency due to proportionate reductions in...

Non‐tariff measures, particularly sanitary and phytosanitary measures and tariff‐rate quotas, are two critical policy barriers that impede agricultural trade. Unlike simple tariffs, both measures contain non‐linear effects and binding conditions that make their treatment in modeling trade...