Electrolysers are defined by the EU as devices that use electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. This process is a key component in the production of renewable hydrogen, which the EU emphasises should be produced from renewable energy sources to ensure at least 70% greenhouse gas...

The mobility ecosystem comprises the entire value chain of the automotive, waterborne, rail and bike industries. It is a key industrial ecosystem crucial to economic growth and jobs in Europe and is characterised by a high level of innovation and collaboration across sectors. The mobility...

This study is the first to examine the relationship between PM2.5 concentration and per capita income at the municipality level for Italy. The novelty of this work is also to explore the role of agglomerations and morphological factors in influencing the incomepollution correlation in the year...

Industrial growth plays a vital role in driving regional progress, as inequalities primarily stem from diverse industries. This becomes particularly significant in the Global South, where wealth creation is a challenge, poverty is persistent and disparities are widening. India serves as a...

This paper examines how geography matters for the location of industries in East Asia, employing regression analyses on a novel and comprehensive regional GDP dataset. This study examines how geography affects industrial location patterns, particularly the role of infrastructure, such as ports...

The study conceptualizes the ecosystem of an industrial cluster based on circular economy as an umbrella for co-evolving concepts, such as circular economy, cluster economy and industrial ecology (also comprising the concepts of industrial symbiosis and its subcategory, industrial mutualism). We...

How does export liberalization affect firm location choice and the spatial concentration of economic activity? We address these questions using the geo-coordinates of Chinese manufacturing firms and find that export widens inter-city and intra-city spatial disparities by reinforcing initially...

We analyze the location of final goods producers under spatial competition with strategic input price determination by firm-specific input suppliers when the final goods producers undertake complete outsourcing or bi-sourcing. Under complete outsourcing, the final goods producers locate closer...

Does regional economic integration affect the location of economic activity inside countries? In this paper, I discuss recent academic literature on whether the movement towards free trade in North America has influenced the spatial organization of production in Canada, Mexico, or the United...

Industrial agglomeration not only brings economic prosperity, but also raises concerns about its environmental impact. How to balance industrial agglomeration and inclusive economic growth is a major challenge for today's social development. On the foundation of the balanced panel data of 164...

This paper examines unintended effects of air quality regulation on decisions of major polluters, using plant data for 1963 to 1992. A key regulatory tool since 1978 is the annual designation of county air quality attainment status, where non-attainment status triggers specific equipment...

When will an industry subject to agglomeration economies move from an old, high-cost site to a new, low-cost site? It is argued that history, in the form of sunk costs resulting from the operation of many firms at a site, creates a first-mover disadvantage that can prevent relocation. It is...

Theoretical and applied work in industrial-organization approaches to international trade typically assume either that there are fixed numbers of firms, or that there is free entry and exit with a continuum of firms. This paper makes a first step toward a more realistic approach in which firms...

Reductions in freight transportation costs have favoured agglomeration and radically decreased the requirement for production activities to take place adjacent to natural resources. As the world transitions towards a low carbon economy, with energy generated from renewable sources, this could...

For a long time, it was assumed that hard location factors (e.g. workforce, land) were the primary influence on the location decisions of firms. In the course of the tertiarization of the economy and linked increases in the qualification of employees as well as changes in values and timemodels,...

Die Position der EU als globale wirtschaftliche Großmacht ist zunehmend gefährdet. Dies ist zum einen Folge der Krisen, denen sich vor allem die EU in den letzten zwei Dekaden gegenübersah. Insbesondere zu nennen sind die weltweite Finanzkrise (2007-2009), die Eurokrise (2010-2012), die...

I document novel stylized facts on learning and its relationship with population density, using Japanese survey data that provide distinctively rich first-hand information about the frequency, purpose, subject, and method of off-the-job learning. First, people learn more frequently in denser...

We examine the effects of university-based star scientists on three measures of performance for California biotechnology enterprises: the number of products in development, the number of products on the market, and changes in employment. The `star' concept which Zucker, Darby, and Brewer (1994)...

The US-Mexico free-trade debate included some theoretical assertions that were then used as arguments against trade and investment liberalization. (1) Trade liberalization increases the degree to which production is internationally relocated in response to environmental restrictions...

We compare the geographic location of patent citations to those of the cited patents, as evidence of the extent to which knowledge spillovers are geographically localized. We find that citations to U.S. patents are more likely to come from the U.S., and more likely to come from the same state...

Analysis of data on employment, earnings, and the number of business establishments engaged in U.S. manufacturing finds that:In Metropolitan areas, especially large metropolitan areas and central metropolitan counties, contain the great majority of manufacturing jobs and nearly all very...

This paper discusses the prevalence of Silicon Valley-style localizations of individual manufacturing industries in the United States. Several models in which firms choose locations by throwing darts at a map are used to test whether the degree of localization is greater than would be expected...

This paper reviews arguments and evidence on the impact of globalization on the environment, then presents evidence on production and international trade flows in five heavily polluting industries for 52 countries over the period 1981-98. A new decomposition of revealed comparative advantage...

The steam engine is widely regarded as the icon of the Industrial Revolution and a prime example of a 'General Purpose Technology,' and yet its contribution to growth is far from transparent. This paper examines the role that a particular innovative design in steam power, the Corliss engine,...

The new' economic geography focuses on the footloose-labor and the vertically-linked-industries models. Both are complex since they feature demand-linked and cost-linked agglomeration forces. I present a simpler model where agglomeration stems from demand-linked forces arising from endogenous...

Alfred Marshall argues that industrial agglomerations exist in part because individuals can" learn skills from each other when they live and work in close proximity to one another. An" increasing amount of evidence suggests that the informational role of cities is a primary reason for" their...