The global non-bank sector has experienced significant growth since the global financial crisis, raising concerns that this shift represents a financial stability risk. We consider the drivers of this growth in Sweden: a small, open economy whose non-bank sector has grown rapidly. In contrast...

This article examines investment opportunities in northern Italian states in the 17th and 18th centuries, with a focus on the private credit market. The research is based on loan contracts drawn up by notaries and on fiscal and administrative documents. Thanks to the service provided by...

This paper provides an overview of the various financial resources that existed in medieval Tirol to meet financial needs, using notary registers and court records from the 14 th century as sources. These provide ample evidence of an active capital and land market in rural areas, which offered...

Liquidity requirements for commercial banks improve risk-sharing for depositors. Nevertheless, shadow banks, issuing securities with lower liquidity, operate outside such regulatory constraints. In an economy featuring shadow banks with a constant level of liquidity for shadow bank securities,...

Several countries now require banks or money market funds to impose state-contingent costs on shortterm creditors to absorb financial stress. We study these requirements as part of the broader prudential toolkit in a model with five key ingredients: banks may face an aggregate stress state with...

Purpose - This paper examines why farmers self-select out of formal credit markets even though they need external funds. Design/methodology/approach - We use probit and Bayesian probit estimators to detect the determinants of self-selection behavior based on a primary dataset of 2,212 rice...

Considering refugees' employment challenges in their host countries, they often need to create jobs by starting ventures and embracing self-employment. However, this requires financing. This study seeks to assess the roles of formal and informal financing in self-employment while also looking at...

We examine households' temporary international migration response when faced with shocks in rural Kyrgyzstan. Using a household fixed effects model, we find that while a drought shock increases migration, a winter shock reduces migration. We argue that this difference is because of the trade-off...

The aim of this study was to ascertain what can be done by the informal finance sector to close the credit gap in order to improve access to finance by SMEs. SMEs are the backbone of many economies as a result of generating employment and improving GDP. Despite playing such a major role in...

We analyze the role of nonbank lenders in the transmission of monetary policy using data on the universe of unsecured credit to firms and households in Denmark. Nonbanks increase their credit supply after a monetary contraction, both relative to banks and in absolute terms. The nonbank credit...

The impact of microfinance institution (MFIs) activities on household revenue in Northern Ghana is of significant importance, particularly in light of the high levels of poverty in the region. The objective of this research is to explore the factors that influence the amount of loans granted to...

Indonesia has been actively developing anti-money laundering (AML) strategies for the past two decades, but a critical gap remains in the informal financial sector that has not received greater regulatory attention. Remarkably, this sector contributes to over half of Indonesia's GDP, with...

Shadow banking has somewhat compensated for China's lack of formal financial development. However, it may also amplify the financial system's risks, which runs counter to the initial expectation of macroprudential management. With the regulation of shadow banking in China under the New Asset...

We examine how banks manage carbon transition risk by selling loans given to polluting borrowers to less regulated shadow banks in securitization markets. Exploiting the election of Donald Trump as an exogenous shock that reduces carbon risk, we find that banks’ securitization decisions are...

In recent years, assets of nonbank financial intermediaries (NBFIs) have grown significantly relative to those of banks. These two sectors are commonly viewed either as operating in parallel, performing different activities, or as substitutes, performing substantially similar activities, with...

Employing the exogenous scenario of the "New Rules on Asset Management" in April 2018, this paper tries to explore the impact of the contraction of Chinese shadow banking on corporate investment behavior. This paper finds that the regulation leads to a 18.3% decrease in capital expenditure for...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of people's credit banks (BPRs), a predominant form of microfinance in Indonesia, in mitigating poverty. Using panel data from 31 provinces in Indonesia, this study employs static panel and panel models with instrument variables. Our findings...

Information asymmetry in the anonymous informal finance market drives the lenders to screen the borrowers by disclosed information. Using data from a powerful online peer-to-peer lending platform, we study the effects of formal financing records on successful funding and default outcomes in the...

Purpose: This research examines the function of social relationships in the association between financial attitudes and trusts toward member commitment of informal financial institutions, notably the rotating savings and credit association in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach: The study...

This paper explores the impact of economic policy uncertainty on the size of shadow banking using dynamic panel techniques based on unbalanced panel data for 170 Chinese banks from 2007-2019. The empirical results show that: (1) Economic policy uncertainty significantly increases the scale of...