China-India relations, which have long been fraught, were further complicated by the 2020 military standoff on the Himalayan border. The political disruption had a significant impact on Chinese companies' presence in India. And yet, India's dependence on Chinese imports has increased since. The...

This paper studies the under-explored yet critical role of WTO's regular bodies, particularly focusing on the discussions of "trade concerns" within the Goods Council, its subsidiary bodies, as well as the General Council. These discussions are pivotal for the governance of international trade...

The World Trade Organization (WTO) serves as a key forum for negotiating global trade rules, yet it faces significant challenges, particularly in the agricultural negotiations. The collapse of the Doha Round has left critical agricultural issues unresolved. Additionally, the WTO's dispute...

The General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade facilitated liberal trade of goods globally by opening up domestic markets and reducing interference of states in trade. The proposition of the GATT to some extent meant curtailing sovereign powers of the state. Countries were cognizant of the fact...

The chapter explores the far-reaching effects of the digital transformation on trade and trade law. It first sketches the state of affairs under the multilateral forum of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and, second, analyzes the more de- liberate regulatory responses to the challenges of...

The world, in addition to existing inequalities, also suffers from a digital-data divide. Some countries and classes of people have obtained outsized benefits from digitization whereas many others have either not received promised benefits or have even suffered due to job/revenue loss, reduction...

The international trade regulatory system is a dynamic system that has been evolving throughout its history. Tension and conflict are part of the system. While calls for the abolition of the principal trade regulation authority, the WTO, have failed to understand this nature of the system,...

This brief is focused on the possibility of a change in US trade defence policy towards China in light of the forthcoming US elections, which may affect EU exports to the US with high Chinese value added content.

In July 1991, India began to dismantle its long-standing, highly restrictive import control regime and move toward a more open economy. How were policymakers able to dislodge and replace an entrenched system with powerful vested interests behind it? Standard explanations for policy change -...

Europe • Germany must once again see itself as an important part of and a leading nation within the EU. The new German government should consistently think and act in a European way on foreign trade issues. • Only a strong EU single market can compete on equal terms with the USA and China....

This study endeavors to explore the shock-transmission mechanism between Trade Policy Uncertainty (TPU) and the volatility inherent in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Islamic stock markets by employing the novel Quantile Vector Auto Regression (QVAR) with "Extended Joint" and "Frequency"...

This paper examines the impact of safeguard import tariffs on market diversity in Ecuador from 2015 to 2017. Using firm-level data, we estimate the effects of tariffs on revenue and market shares in the Manufacturing and Wholesale & Retail (W&R) sectors with a Quantile Treatment Effect on the...

In retaliating against Trump’s March 2025 imposition of import tariffs on EU aluminum and steel, the EU’s response should be twofold: one, at the EU level, to apply retaliatory tariffs and negotiations, and two, to support country-level efforts to minimize the impact of tariffs, including...

Aus strategischer Sicht ist es wichtig zu wissen, wo die deutsche Wirtschaft Stärken hat. Wenn Deutschland bei bestimmten Waren den Export dominiert, sind andere Länder hier von der Bundesrepublik ein Stück weit abhängig. Gerade in Zeiten von Handelskonflikten kann das ein Trumpf sein, um...

This study aims to explore the relationship between macroeconomic factors and the decision to file an anti-dumping (AD) initiation, focusing on the post-WTO period from 1995 to 2022 for both reporting and targeted countries. We analyze the 20 most frequent users of the AD mechanism and the 20...