Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in economic and development growth, particularly in developing countries. Their success depends on the expansion of their markets across borders, based on the strategies adopted, in which differentiation strategies and positional...

Objective: This article aims to identify the link between institutional pressures and strategic responses of international new ventures (INVs). Research Design & Methods: This article reviews and theoretically synthesises extensive literature from the institutional and international...

The Uppsala model explains the traditional internationalisation process of multinational enterprises (MNEs), which gradually begin to internationalise from countries with smaller psychic distances. However, in the turbulent global economy, an increasing number of MNEs from emerging markets...

The economic advancement of emerging markets such as China, Brazil, and India has been regarded as one of the benefits of a globalized world. This paper revisits and evaluates the Uppsala model to teases out the process, speed, determinants, and challenges of early internationalization...

Cultural distance (CD) is an important driver of foreign expansion strategy at the firm level. However, its effects can be more or less significant depending on the contextual characteristics of the host country, such as the quality of formal institutions and the openness to international trade....

Internationalization of SMEs is encouraged by the advantages of new environmental conditions and appealing business opportunities, but remains a challenging process. Top management teams and more specifically board of directors appear to be a critical determinant in addressing...

This paper examines the relationship between firm internationalization and cost of equity. We find that firms with a higher degree of international operations have a significantly lower cost of equity, which is more pronounced for firms in provinces with a weak institutional environment or firms...

The international management literature has presented inconclusive results about the effect of institutional voids in a host country on entrant firms' resource commitment. With the lens of institutional theory and transaction cost theory, this article examines how institutional voids in an...

By focusing on the tacit and explicit characteristics of informal and formal institutional distances, this study investigates the competitive advantage of foreign subsidiary firms from developed countries and emerging markets operating in Latin America. Following recent research on distances in...

This study investigates the relationships among the influence of the largest shareholder, the entry mode of foreign direct investment companies in Korea, and subsidiary divestitures to demonstrate how the government's FDI policies can work as a moderator. Using data from 468 foreign...

Common ownership - where several firms are (partially) owned by the same investors - and its impact on product market competition has recently drawn much attention. This paper focuses on its implications for market entry. Specifically, we consider the entry decisions of generic pharmaceutical...

Although innovation capabilities are important drivers of export performance, few studies address how they influence export performance in the context of emerging economies. This paper evaluates the moderating effects of government institutional support and firms' active and reactive...

The aim of this study is to analyze how Spanish small and medium-sized enterprises (hereinafter SMEs) manage risks derived from internationalization to improve performance. For this purpose, a case study was elaborated to understand the different risk management strategies used by Spanish SMEs...

Since its founding in 1995 Amazon has become a leader in eCommerce, cloud computing services, and interactive devices for individuals and homes. In this study, we document the critical steps in Amazon's development in each line of business. Our review yields insights on (i) how Amazon responded...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse international business (IB) scholarship and present current gaps and new realities to enhance scholarly discourse. Design/methodology/approach The paper divides the scholarship into three distinct sections. First, it interrogates the changing...

Many SMEs aim for business development by diversifying their offerings to fit global markets. However, internationalization has consequences for all aspects of a company's business model. Even though internationalization poses many business model challenges, the recent development of digital...

This study incorporates the eclectic paradigm and institutional theory to examine the key determinants of Chinese firms' cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and greenfield (GF) investment in advanced economies (AEs) and developing economies (DEs) during the period 2003-2016. It uses a...

The researchers have already recognized the importance of entrepreneurship, but the role of new venture internationalization is still a matter of research. This study is measuring the influence of education, age, technology, fear of failure, and competition on new venture internationalization....