This policy note argues that the low income of cocoa farmers in the cocoa-chocolate global value chain (GVC) is not only a problem in itself, but also exacerbates social and environmental sustainability issues such as child labor and deforestation. The experience of the last two decades has...

This policy note argues that the low income of cocoa farmers in the cocoa-chocolate global value chain (GVC) is not only a problem in itself, but also exacerbates social and environmental sustainability issues such as child labor and deforestation. The experience of the last two decades has...

This study empirically explores the dynamic interactions between the European and Indonesian cocoa markets during the 2008 global financial crisis (GFC) and the 2011 European debt crisis (EDC) using a battery of time series approaches of cointegration and multivariate Granger causality. The...

The effectiveness of different exchange rate systems continues to attract the attention of many scholars, however, most discussions on exchange rate regimes have focused on how the phenomenon affects economic growth, economic stability, financial crises, international tourism, and international...

While many studies analyzed effects of sustainability standards - such as Fairtrade or Rainforest Alliance - on smallholder farmers in developing countries, most did not sufficiently account for systematic differences between certified and non-certified farmers. Certified farmers are typically...

"Avec une poignée d'autres produits agricoles comme le café, la banane ou le sucre, le cacao est un produit emblématique de la mondialisation, mais aussi d'une évolution culturelle qui a vu naître de nouveaux modèles de consommation : cette denrée « exotique », aux conditions de...

"Addressing the threatened future of chocolate in our modern world, Dale Walters discusses the problems posed by plant diseases, pests, and climate change, looking at what these mean for the survival of the cacao tree."

Agricultural price distortion which is the discrepancy between world market price of agricultural produce and price received by farmers as a result of market interventions by governments, either through subsidies or taxes or even trade protection systems, has received rare attention in the cocoa...

"Chocolate is one of the most visible examples of how a deeply exotic consumer product penetrating our daily lives fascinated Europeans during the Early Modern period. Today, over fifty percent of the four million tons of cocoa produced globally come from Sub-Saharan Africa. Ecuadorian cocoa, on...

The high volatility of the world cocoa price makes the millions of cocoa farmers in the developing world highly vulnerable to poverty. A large volatility in the value of an agricultural commodity is linked to the inelasticity of its supply or demand. Therefore, we test the hypothesis that the...

This study investigates the Indonesian cocoa production to reveal the possibilities for poverty alleviation while considering the threats to environmental sustainability. We estimate, based on a large household panel data set and stochastic frontier analysis, the technical efficiency of cocoa...

In the new millennium, the soaring economic growth in Asia and Africa, the increase of world trade, and globalization have boosted the global demand for cocoa. However, world cocoa supply could barely keep up with demand. These processes triggered a high volatility in global cocoa prices....

Angaben des Herkunftslandes auf Lebensmittelverpackungen sind von zunehmender Bedeutung und bieten Differenzierungspotentiale u.a. für Kakao-Erzeuger aus Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern. Inwiefern ein Country-of-Origin-Effekt für den deutschen Verbraucher bei der Qualitätswahrnehmung von...

Angaben des Herkunftslandes auf Lebensmittelverpackungen sind von zunehmender Bedeutung und bieten Differenzierungspotentiale u.a. für Kakao-Erzeuger aus Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern. Inwiefern ein Country-of-Origin-Effekt für den deutschen Verbraucher bei der Qualitätswahrnehmung von...

Angaben des Herkunftslandes auf Lebensmittelverpackungen sind von zunehmender Bedeutung und bieten Differenzierungspotentiale u.a. für Kakao-Erzeuger aus Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern. Inwiefern ein Country-of-Origin-Effekt für den deutschen Verbraucher bei der Qualitätswahrnehmung von...

This study is designed to build a link between the study and improvement of agriculture and that of logistics for agricultural exports, and complements the Grenada Small Farmer Vulnerability Reduction project. The objective of logistics chain analysis (LCA) is to understand product movement for...

This study aims to: (1) discover the performance of cocoa farmers in highland areas in South Sulawesi province of Indonesia, using a approach of four typologies: (2) determine the factors causing the level of cocoa production per hectare per year on each typology. This study uses cluster...

An estimated 80,000-100,000 Dominican farmers produce coffee and cocoa, nearly 40 percent of all agricultural producers. The sectors also provide employment for tens of thousands of field laborers and persons employed in linked economic activities. The majority of coffee and cocoa producers are...