This study empirically investigated the factors affecting firms' ability to adjust production in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. This study used firm-level survey data from the Enterprise Survey implemented by the World Bank Group, including a standard Enterprise Survey (Baseline) and two...

Turkey's neo-Eurasianist ideologues describe themselves as “Kemalist Eurasianists”. They argue that “Eurasianism calls for a cultural, military, political and commercial alliance with Turkey’s eastern neighbors, notably Russia, Iran, the Turkic countries of Central Asia, and even...

The feasibility of using air-water heat pumps to provide residential and industrial buildings with heating, cooling and ventilation requires taking into account a large number of different factors, such as the estimated and average outdoor temperature for the heating period in the considered...

Can autocracies and their associated institutions successfully implement economic policies that promote growth and investment? Can ‘good economics’ somehow offset the effects of ‘bad’ politics? Kazakhstan is a case where an autocratic regime has actively projected market-friendly...

This study examines economic activity measured with firm performance indicators using the changes in intensity of night-time light in four CAREC economies: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia. The empirical analysis is based on the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) data for 2019 and...

В условиях развития внешнеэкономических связей Казахстана с потенциальными зарубежными партнерами автомобильный транспорт представляет собой одну из ведущих...

The historical routes from the People's Republic of China (PRC) and India to the Middle East or Europe ran north of, south of, and across the Caspian Sea. Since 1500, maritime transport has dominated trade between Europe and East Asia. Central Asia became an economic backwater, incorporated into...

The paper aims to assess the relationship between Azerbaijani and Kazakhstani exchange rates and crude oil prices volatility. The study applies the structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model. The paper concentrates on Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan, the post-Soviet countries considered as some of...

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the idea of a “model of development” was popular among politicians and economists in Kazakhstan. As a result, the country was the first in Central Asia to outline “Asian Tiger” economies as its development “role model” in its development...

This paper proposes a macro-prudential financial soundness analysis that can be used by most developing and transformation countries with or without crisis experience as well as by developed countries with limited data. The objective is to detect economic and financial sector vulnerability,...

This report reviews Kazakhstan’s initial social policy response to the Covid-19 pandemic, highlighting three points. First, there was obvious continuity from the pre-pandemic days in the government’s policy response as it tried to guide the country through the pandemic and prepare the...

In this paper we explore the evidence that would establish that Dutch disease is at work in, or poses a threat to, the Kazakh economy.Assessing the mechanism by which fluctuations in the price of oil can damage non-oil manufacturing-and thus long-term growth prospects in an economy that relies...

Although Central Asian countries such as Kyrgyzstan have promised to work with Chinese companies as they show growing interest in entering the region in light of the Belt and Road Initiative, considerable risks remain. Systemic political fragility and growing anti-China public sentiment in...

In this paper we explore the evidence that would establish that Dutch disease is at work in, or poses a threat to, the Kazakh economy. Assessing the mechanism by which fluctuations in the price of oil can damage non-oil manufacturing—and thus long-term growth prospects in an economy that relies...

The paper analyzes and assesses the main issues and development factors of innovation processes in Kazakhstan. It is known that in modern conditions of dynamically developing competitive processes and scientific and technological progress, innovations serve as the basis of the national economy...

This report provides the first national-level approximation of priority sources and actions to address air pollution while maximizing synergies with climate mitigation and managing trade-off challenges. The study uses mean population exposure as the best approximation of air quality impact...

After suffering a pandemic-driven slump in 2020, Kazakhstan's economic recovery is on track, having sustained quarterly growth throughout Q3 2021. Reduced COVID-19 cases and the loosening of mobility restrictions support business activities and maintain the rebound in consumer demand. However,...

This paper aims to explain the evolution of Kazakhstan’s trade and industrial policy through an examination of official documents and declarations, policymaking processes and general government practices in the context of economic and geopolitical environment. The history of trade policy is...

This report reviews Kazakhstan’s initial social policy response to the Covid-19 pandemic, highlighting three points. First, there was obvious continuity from the pre-pandemic days in the government’s policy response as it tried to guide the country through the pandemic and prepare the...

How strongly can the reduction in bureaucracy and red tape at the border increase trade? To address this, we study an ambitious trade facilitation policy - the complete abolition of internal customs controls - in the Eurasian Customs Union. Using a structural gravity model with high-dimensional...

This research is aimed at developing a methodology for assessing the efficacy of a macroeconomic model of the Kazakhstani pension provision system. A hierarchy of indicators of the pension system efficacy is built using the graph method. The representativeness of these indicators is confirmed by...

We document that an oil price boom triggers dissatisfaction with one's income, and that this dissatisfaction is independent of the effect of the boom on real economic conditions. Unique data from Kazakhstan allows us to exploit time, sectoral and spatial variation to identify the impact of the...

How strongly can the reduction in bureaucracy and red tape at the border increase trade? To address this, we study an ambitious trade facilitation policy - the complete abolition of internal customs controls - in the Eurasian Customs Union. Using a structural gravity model with high-dimensional...