We develop a tractable dynamic theory linking endogenous credit cycles with conditions in the labor market, in which a pandemic may cripple credit markets and even cause a credit collapse by freezing the labor supply. We execute the idea in a general equilibrium framework with banks and...

Since the XIX century, technological progress has allowed commercial banks to create ever greater amounts of broad money and credit starting from a unit of monetary base. Crucially, however, at the very low frequencies the relative amounts of the two aggregates created out of a unit of base...

This paper, after providing a critique of standard monetary theory based on the transactions demand for money, examines the effect of monetary policy (changes in reserve requires and open market operations) in a model with competitive, risk averse banks. The effects of changes in bank net worth...

This monthly monetary model for the euro area is gradually constructed from its two constituting components: a money demand and a loan demand model which both include the relation between the respective retail bank rates and the short-term market interest rate. Eventually, the encompassing...

With loan commitments negotiated in advance, the use of tight money to restrain nominal spending has asymmetric effects upon different categories of borrowers. This can reduce efficiency, even though aggregate demand is stabilized. This is illustrated in the context of an equilibrium model of...

This paper summarizes the macro-economic and, in particular, monetary and financial market implications of recent developments in the micro-economic theory of imperfect information. These micro-economic models which lead to credit-rationing on the one hand and limitations in the availability of...

We reexamine Stiglitz Weiss (1981) credit rationing by simultaneously considering adverse selection and moral hazard. If returns of the projects are ranked by first-order stochastic dominance, neither adverse selection nor moral hazard exists. If the projects have equalized expected returns,...

Gu, Mettesini, and Wright (2016) show that when buyers can use both money and credit, money can be essential only if credit is tight, and then further decreases of credit are irrelevant. We find that by additionally allowing indirect credit (i.e., borrowing money from third parties) – they...

Schularick and Taylor (2012) documented a sizeable increase in the ratio between credit and broad money since the end of WWII, which they interpreted in terms of a progressive disconnect between the two aggregates. I show that this interpretation is incorrect, since, as I demonstrate...

Contemporaneous banking theory appear to understand financial institutions as intermediaries, neglecting some facts featuring modern banking: monetary financial institutions issue claims which function as money; they facilitate payments across agents in the economy over time and space; they...

The paper presents a financial approach to monetary analysis that links the credit and state theories of money. A premise of the functional approach to money is that "money is what money does." In this approach, monetary and mercantile mechanics are conflated, which leads to the conclusion that...

How does the informal economy affect financial inclusion and entrepreneurial activity of consumers? We investigate the impact of informal lending on the types and terms of contracts offered by formal lenders, considering factors that facilitate informal lending activity such as social ties...

Mit der Finanzkrise ist die Bedeutung der Finanzmärkte und des Bankensystems in den wissenschaftlichen Fokus gerückt. In dem Lehrbuch zeigen die Autoren jüngste Entwicklungen auf und analysieren diese aus institutionenökonomischer Perspektive, während sie die Rolle der Europäischen...

Funktionen des Finanzsektors -- Finanzsystem und Finanzierung -- Zentralbanken und Europäische Zentralbank -- Geldschöpfung im Finanzsektor -- Motive der Geldhaltung und makroökonomisches Grundmodell I -- Theorie der Zinsen -- Zinsstrukturtheorie -- Theorie der Banken -- Kreditrationierung:...

Contents: Introduction / Louis-Philippe Rochon and Hassan Bougrine -- Part 1: Money, income distribution and post-keynesian economics -- 1. Celebrating pioneers / Louis-Philippe Rochon and Hassan Bougrine -- 2. Understanding credit-money: Lavoie and seccareccia's contribution to monetary theory...

In the aftermath of the Great Recession, there is a growing consensus, even among central bank officials, concerning the limitations of monetary policy. This paper provides an explanation for the ineffectiveness of monetary policy, and in doing so provides a new framework for thinking about...

We analyse the forecasting power of different monetary aggregates and credit variables for US GDP. Special attention is paid to the influence of the recent financial market crisis. For that purpose, in the first step we use a three-variable single-equation framework with real GDP, an interest...

In the aftermath of the Great Recession, there is a growing consensus, even among central bank officials, concerning the limitations of monetary policy. This paper provides an explanation for the ineffectiveness of monetary policy, and in doing so provides a new framework for thinking about...

We extend the study of banking equilibrium in Berentsen, Camera and Waller (2007) by introducing an explicit production function for banks. Banks employ labor resources, hired on a competitive market, to run their operations. In equilibrium this generates a spread between interest rates on loans...

This paper argues the predictive power of the sectoral approach towards a quantity theory of credit is weak. A quantity theory of commercial-bank-seigniorage approach is proposed in its place. It suggests that the financial system may be held responsible for price and output fluctuations to the...

There is increasing interest in loan-to-value (LTV) and debt-service-to-income (DTI) limits as many countries face a new round of rising house prices. Yet, very little is known on how these regulatory instruments work in practice. This paper contributes to fill this gap by looking closely at...

The goal of theoretical economics is to explain how the monetary economy works. The fatal methodological defect of Orthodoxy is that it is based on behavioral axioms. Yet, no specific behavioral assumption whatever can serve as a starting point for economic analysis. From this follows for...

The theory of endogenous money is the cornerstone of Post-Keynesian economics, which dates back to the pioneering writings of authors such as J. Robinson, Kaldor and Kalecki. Second generation Post-Keynesians such as Paul Davidson and Basil Moore have clearly drawn the boundaries of...

This paper studies the interaction of agents' collateral price beliefs, credit constraint and aggregate economic activity over the business cycle. Learning strengthens the role of collateral constraints in aggregate fluctuations. Under heterogeneous learning rules, numerical simulations...

This paper uses the occasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of Basil Moore's book, Horizontalists and Verticalists, to reassess the theory of endogenous money. The paper distinguishes between horizontalists, verticalists, and structuralists. It argues Moore's horizontalist representation of...

The Theory of Money and Credit (1912) is rightly regarded as a seminal book in the development of the Austrian school approach to monetary theory. We argue that Mises' understanding of the equation of exchange differs from both of the conventional textbook versions, and warrants recognition as...

Aaron Sahr beleuchtet die Funktionsweise der Kreditpraxis als Verschränkung von Vertrauensbekundungen und Misstrauensmanifestationen und reflektiert dabei den Siegeszug von Derivaten ebenso wie die Bedeutung von Schattenbankstrukturen, die Rolle der Ratingagenturen und algorithmisierter...