We seek to understand the welfare of dairy cattle in Denmark from 1750 to 1900, a period marked by significant agricultural development and industrialization. By applying contemporary animal welfare metrics to historical data, we uncover a detailed picture of how bovine welfare evolved. Our...

Market power in economic theory is defined as deviations from marginal cost pricing, which results in unfair competition and welfare losses. In complex agri-food supply chains, the exercise of market power is a significant contributor to welfare losses, as multiple actors throughout the chain...

The European Union is a large producer of milk and dairy products. It is also a significant market for the consumption of dairy products, which is characterised by effective demand, and it significantly influences the markets of other food products. The main milk producers in the EU are Germany,...

Governments spend considerable resources providing goods directly. We show that such behavior may increase welfare when private suppliers have market power. We do this by studying the staggered rollout of hundreds of government milk “ration stores” in Mexico using a proprietary panel of...

Governments spend considerable resources providing goods directly. We show that such behavior may increase welfare when private suppliers have market power. We do this by studying the staggered rollout of hundreds of government milk "ration stores" in Mexico using a proprietary panel of...

For over a century, pediatricians, scientists, and industry players have sought to create an infant formula that would be as close as possible to human milk. Until recently, their efforts focused on “humanizing” cow’s milk by making its composition more similar to human milk. But in the...

Smallholder producers in developing countries often collaborate in teams that take advantage of scale economies and allocate surplus among members. We experimentally evaluate team-level incentive contracts for quality upgrading among Indian dairy cooperatives where there is a risk of free-riding...

Profitability in animal production is at the forefront of approaches and activities continuity, and the breakeven point, or equilibrium point from which profit generation begins, must be reached in the shortest possible time. In the present paper, the breakeven point is analyzed for cow's,...

This article presents the milk market in the period 2017-2021 highlighting aspects regarding the evolution of the herd (cows), milk production, price, consumption, import, export, market characteristics, the main dairy producers in Romania, but also a series of conclusions that are the basis of...

There is astounding variation in product quality sold in markets even when quality is difficult to ascertain and rules are poorly enforced. We investigate whether sellers differ in innate honesty (incur private cost to provide good quality) and whether this explains the variation in quality. Our...

Cartels participating in procurement auctions frequently use bid rotation or prioritize incumbents to allocate contracts. However, establishing a link between observed allocation patterns and firm conduct has been difficult: there are cost-based competitive explanations for such patterns. We...

Analyses of spatial market integration contributes to the knowledge about market efficiency and provides information to policymakers, as the spatial integration of markets contributes to competitiveness and economic development. Although the integration of agri-food markets is widely discussed...

US dairy futures markets of milk, butter, cheese, and dry whey exhibit unique volatility patterns under the Federal Milk Marketing Order pricing scheme. We show dairy volatilities have a relatively low connectedness among themselves and a commodity index. Dairy futures markets respond to...

Domestic animals, especially small ruminants, are an important source of income for millions of smallholder farmers, particularly women, in Senegal. The aim of this study was to understand the place of the bovine and caprine milk value chains and to identify the role and challenges for women in...

In the United States, over 70% of milk production is priced under Federal Milk Marketing Orders (FMMOs). A primary purpose of FMMOs is to facilitate orderly allocation of milk as a limited, perishable resource among alternative uses. Fundamental to FMMOs are the regulatory prices applicable to...

The continued penetration of plant-based beverages in fluid milk markets appears to have reinforced the ongoing decline in the U.S. per capita consumption of fluid cow milk. This study focuses on how demographic variables and consumers’ opinions about climate change impact the preference for...

A total of 100 newly collected dairy cattle (after parturition) of which 20 local and 80 crossbred varieties of mini dairy farms from urban and semi-urban areas of Rajshahi district were selected for the study. They were divided into four groups depending on different feeding practices viz.,...

We examine the institutional details of the school milk procurement process, bidding data, statements of dairy executives, and supply characteristics in Ohio during the 1980's. We compare the bidding behavior of a group of firms to a control group. We find that the behavior of each of the firms...

Breastfeeding in public has become more accepted, but milk expression—defined as removing milk from the breasts manually or using a breast pump—continues to be seen as a distasteful bodily function analogous to urination or sex, which should be confined to the private sphere. Few states...

In Switzerland, there are separated value chains for dairy and cheese products, which differ in terms of industry concentration, value chain governance, and product characteristics. We analyze how milk prices are passed on along these different value chains. Using detailed price data on farm...

A very large number of people around the world consume milk and dairy products every day. Milk and dairy products are not only an essential source of nutrition being a source of calcium, but also a conjuncture and opportunity for both farmers and processors, traders and other members of the...