Given the current state of technology, agents could potentially deal with exchange by transferring directly Central Bank fiat monies. Are we close to private banks becoming “technologically obsolete” in the provision of payment services?. To provide insights into this question, we build a...

This paper discusses monetarist objections to the IS-LM model. We explore the views of two principal spokesmen for monetarism: Milton Friedman and the team of Karl Brunner and Allan Meltzer. Friedman did not explicitly state the reasons he generally chose not to use the IS-LM model in rejecting...

In many countries, inflation has become less responsive to domestic factors and more responsive to global factors over the past decades. We introduce money and credit into the workhorse open-economy New Keynesian model. With this framework, we show that: (i) an efficient forecast of domestic...

Sargent and Wallace (S-W) show that, even when inflation is prima facie a strictly monetary phenomenon -- prices are flexible, markets clear and velocity is constant -- inflation is, in the long run, a fiscal phenomenon. This follows from the government budget constraint and the existence of an...

Sargent and Wallace (1981) published "Some Unpleasant Monetarist Arithmetic" 40 years ago. Their central message was that a central bank may not have the power to determine the long-run rate of inflation without fiscal support. In a policy regime where the fiscal authority is non-Ricardian, an...

The Covid-19 crisis has revived an old heated debate on whether significant increases in the money supply -such as the ones accompanying central banks' unconventional policies- ultimately lead to higher inflation. Some observers have alluded to the quantity theory of money for that purpose,...

This paper investigates the relationship between the new monetary control procedures, implemented by the Federal Reserve Board in October 1979, and the subsequent increase in exchange rate variability for the United States. It shows that, in the context of a stochastic, rational expectations...

Recent experience does not include a "monetarist experiment," as some have argued, but may slightly reinforce preexisting reasons for doubting that the best way of formulating monetarist policy prescriptions is in the form of a constant growth rule for the money stock.A more desirable rule would...

When monthly data on production, prices, and the money stock are interpreted, via a vector autoregression, as generated by dynamic responses to "surprises" in each of the variables, a remarkable similarity in dynamics between interwar and postwar business cycles emerges, though the size of the...

This paper constructs a dynamic macroeconomic model with less- than-perfect price flexibility which has a real side consistent with Real Business Cycle Theory, augmented by investment adjustment costs, increasing returns to scale, and a new, flexible formalization of imperfect competition. A new...

This paper provides a critical discussion of monetarism and the difficulties of understanding macroeconomic developments after the publication of Friedman and Schwartz’s classic 1965 article through a monetarist lens, especially for the period following the great financial crisis. This paper...

This paper analyzes the evolution of Milton Friedman’s thinking about bailouts. It covers bailouts of commercial banks, shadow banks and other financial firms, manufacturing firms, governments, financial markets, and other cases where the term is commonly used. It is based on his academic...

This paper is about the Department of Economics at the University of Chicago, between 1947 and 1982. The paper has the form of a conversation between the two authors and covers issues such as the existence of a "Chicago School," the Department's governance, the personalities of some well-known...

When limited commitment hinders unsecured credit, assets help by serving as collateral. We study models where assets differ in pledgability - the extent to which they can be used to secure loans - and hence liquidity. Although many previous analyses of imperfect credit focus on producers, we...

We discuss the monetary institutions and macroeconomics of centrally planned economies (CPEs) ; objectives and techniques of monetary control; the relevance to CPEs of the neutrality property, the natural rate hypothesis, and the quantity theory; the roles of stock .and flow variables and the...

Given the influence of Milton Friedman ,it is hard to keep from identifying "monetarisms" with the advocacy of a policy rule that would require the money stock to grow at a constant rate and prohibit cyclical adjustments in government spending or in tax schedules. This identification is somewhat...

This paper rejects the proposition that there is only a single interesting question to ask about the decade of the 1930s. It is concerned not only with the role of money in the 1929-33 contraction but also with the relative role of monetary and nonmonetary factors in the recession of 1937-38 and...

Lucas (1972) was a paper that permanently changed the course of macroeconomics, even though its "money supply surprise" model lost its central place in the area within a decade because of empirical difficulties. However, Lucas's novel methodology, based on clearing markets and rational...

The paper compares the welfare properties of two competing organizations of the monetary system: The current fractional reserve banking system versus a narrow banking system where inside money is fully backed by outside money issued by the central bank. Using a New Monetarist model, the analysis...

Paper presented at "The Legacy of Chicago Economics" conference at the Becker-Friedman Institute for Economic Research, The University of Chicago, October 5, 2015. A survey of Frank Knight's contribution to the Chicago School, and a consideration of how the School moved away from Knight's...

In many countries, inflation has become less responsive to domestic factors and more responsive to global factors over the past decades. We introduce money and credit into the workhorse open-economy New Keynesian model. With this framework, we show that: (i) an efficient forecast of domestic...

In many countries, inflation has become less responsive to domestic factors and more responsive to global factors over the past several decades. We study the linkages between domestic inflation and global liquidity (money and household balances) and argue that it is important for inflation...

This study argues three policies for economies. The aim of those policies is to increase total demand by money supply. Global economy currently faces lack of money in markets and recession effect. First, neo-merchantalism is to use national currency in bilateral trade. Second, limited money...

We investigate how the Mundell-Tobin effect, i.e., a positive relation between in ation and capital investment, changes the optimal monetary policy prescription in a framework that combines overlapping generations and new monetarist models. We find that the Friedman rule is optimal if and only...

The paper compares the welfare properties of two competing organizations of the monetary system: The current fractional reserve banking system versus a narrow banking system where inside money is fully backed by outside money issued by the central bank. Using a New Monetarist model, the analysis...

We develop a New Monetarist model in continuous time where agents trade continuously in competitive markets and infrequently in pairwise meetings. Agents can produce and consume both in flows over time intervals and in discrete quantities at points in time. We detail the methodology to solve...

"The author argues that Margaret Thatcher's free-market arguments highlighted the economic shortcomings of Keynesianism and socialism and paved the way for a significant realignment of the Conservative Party and re-thinking of British economics."

In terms of economic methodology, Friedman's most well-known contribution is his 1953 essay, “The Methodology of Positive Economics.” This important contribution has overshadowed his earlier contribution to economic methodology, entitled “Lerner on the Economics of Control” (1947)....

This paper analyzes Milton Friedman's (1968) article “The Role of Monetary Policy,” via a discussion of seven fallacies concerning the article. These fallacies are: (1) “The Role of Monetary Policy” was Friedman's first public statement of the natural rate hypothesis. (2) The...

This paper presents an alternative presentation of Modern Monetary Theory (MMT). The main thesis of this paper is that when a nation has monetary sovereignty and fiat currency, government is quite flexible its methods in controlling price level through market mechanisms, as Warren Mosler - one...

In this article, we are going to explain the difference between Keynesian and monetarist theory and add the Greek Christian Orthodox approach. This approach is used as a mechanism to adjust prices and quantities of consumption and supply with ultimate objective, the great mercy, the salvation of...