In many developing nations, modern energy sources are seen not only as cleaner and more efficient than traditional fuels, but also as important for achieving socio-economic development. Hence, from an energy policy perspective, households should switch to using modern energy sources. However,...

Electric, hydrogen, methanol, and biofuel cars are becoming popular for reducing road transport emissions. In limited operational contexts, these technologies are commonly called clean or zero-emission, but resource availability, lifetime implications, and infrastructural restrictions determine...

Drop-in alternative liquid fuels—Renewable Diesel (RD) and Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)—offer material near-term abatement for hard-to-electrify transport segments, such as Aviation and heavy-duty transport; their deployment depends on pathway-specific costs, hydrogen requirements, and...

The European Union's decarbonisation strategy necessitates profound shifts across all sectors, with road transport presenting a particularly formidable challenge due to its sustained emissions growth since 1990. Given that Italy’s road transport sector is the third-largest consumer of fossil...

Oil prices have been increasingly volatile since 2004. However, the impact of this volatility on domestic end-user prices differs significantly by fuel and country. Some countries fully pass through global price movements to domestic end-user prices, and some countries freeze domestic fuel...

This study explores the potential for producing sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) in four African countries: Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. Rather than serving as a full feasibility analysis or detailed project proposal, it uses a techno-economic approach to showcase Africa's...

This literature review investigates alternative solutions to fossil fuels in the context of road freight transport, focusing on both ecological and economic perspectives. A rigorous bibliographic method- ology was employed to ensure the relevance and quality of the selected studies. The research...

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector is among the hardest challenges in transforming energy systems to zero emissions. Transport energy demands are driven by an interplay of social behavioral, technical factors, political decisions and economic conditions, motivating...

Emission inventories play a crucial role in identifying the primary sources of atmospheric pollution. In urban environments, including Addis Ababa, elevated concentrations of vehicle emissions pose significant environmental risks. Consequently, measuring vehicle emissions becomes imperative for...

Most power utilities in West Africa are not financially sustainable. Several interrelated factors cause these performance issues, but dependence on liquid fuels, poor governance, insufficient use of information technology (IT), and weak balance sheets are particularly common and acute...

The pressing global challenge of climate change necessitates a concerted effort to limit greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide. A critical pathway is to replace fossil fuel sources by electrification, including transportation. While electrification of light-duty vehicles is...

This report is a deliverable under the framework "Measuring the fuel consumption of light- and heavy-duty vehicles and monitoring their real-world fuel consumption". The study aims to: • Define suitable accuracy requirements for OBFCM devices, critically reviewing the current accuracy...

The document presents an innovative analysis of ethanol demand, emphasizing the significant role of spatially differentiated fuel retailers in shaping consumer preferences and fuel-switching behavior. Utilizing a nested logit model and data from Brazilian fuel retailers, the study reveals that...

We identify and examine a novel welfare channel of fuel economy standards through the in-teraction with public transit and households’ location choices. A stricter emission standard for cars decreases the marginal cost of driving and triggers a shift in modal choice from public to private...

This paper provides an assessment of the fiscal and social impacts resulting from the fuel price adjustments undertaken in 2022. The note lays out policy options and their potential fiscal and social impacts to inform future reforms. The policy simulations examine two scenarios: (i) a one-time...

This paper examines the viability of green ammonia (NH3) as a marine fuel in the transition to decarbonized shipping. While there is no singular solution for achieving decarbonization, there is increasing recognition on the pivotal role of green ammonia in decarbonizing the shipping sector. The...

This study deals with the evolution of fuels' prices over time in the EU. The central research inquiry revolves around whether there exists any correlation among the trajectories followed by national prices in the gasoline and diesel markets. The EU, and more specifically the Euro-Area, by its...

This paper investigates the impact of ethanol blending mandates on retail fuel prices in the United States. It uses the modifications of three microeconomics models - partial equilibrium theoretical model by de Gorter and Just, partial equilibrium simulation model of Drabik et al. and Wu and...

We examine the EU car labelling regime for CO2 emissions and fuel efficiency under Directive 1999/94/EC and document strongly diverging national labelling methodologies. Our contribution is fourfold. First, we distil the most relevant economic and behavioural research findings on car labelling....