This article introduces OPENSIMPLEST, a highly parsimonious stock-flow consistent (SFC) model of an open economy. The model is designed as a pedagogical and analytical benchmark that preserves the core mechanisms of more complex open-economy SFC frameworks while remaining complete, transparent,...

We use a dynamic spatial general equilibrium model of international investment and production to investigate the real implications of the last five decades of financial globalization. We introduce a wedge accounting framework to estimate country- and time-varying measures of outward and inward...

In the modern globalized context, innovation represents a key driver of economic growth, while international trade plays an important role in fostering it. This study examines the relationship between the degree of trade openness and innovation performance across 27 EU member states over the...

In this paper, we develop a small open economy model of secular stagnation that allows for both unemployment and underemployment. While unemployment results from the standard search and matching friction, underemployment in the form of an involuntary shortfall of working hours occurs under...

Post-Keynesian conflict inflation models have received renewed attention in the course of the recent inflationary processes related to the recovery from the Covid-19 crisis in 2020 and the hike of energy prices in the context of the start of the Russian war on Ukraine in 2022. Although the basic...

This paper develops a nonlinear optimization model for the optimal allocation of labor and investment resources in a three-sector open economy. The model is based on the Cobb-Douglas production function and incorporates sectoral interdependencies, capital depreciation, trade balances, and import...

We use a dynamic spatial general equilibrium model of international investment and production to in vestigate the real implications of the last five decades of financial globalization. We introduce a wedge accounting framework to estimate country- and time-varying measures of outward and inward...

In this paper, we analyze the impact of external uncertainty shocks on the Korean economy, focusing on Russian geopolitical risks and U.S. monetary policy uncertainty. We find that increases in external uncertainties negatively affect the Korean macroeconomy, with a particularly pronounced...

We use a dynamic spatial general equilibrium model of international investment and production to investigate the real implications of the last five decades of financial globalization. We introduce a wedge accounting framework to estimate country- and time-varying measures of outward and inward...

This paper examines the macroeconomic impact of substantial tariffs imposed by the second Trump administration on imports from China and the euro area and their transmission through direct and indirect channels. Using the ECB-Global 3.0 semi-structural model, we show that tariffs raise US import...

Observed international investment positions and cross-country heterogeneity in rates of return to capital are hard to reconcile with frictionless capital markets. In this paper, we develop a theory of international capital allocation: a multi-country dynamic spatial general equilibrium model in...

In the classical approach, one of the main measures of productivity is the so-called 'total labour productivity' (TLP), which can be computed as the reciprocal of the vertically integrated labour required to produce one unit of net output. In closed economies, this index changes exclusively due...

The article develops a stylized medium-run post-Kaleckian open economy model with conflict inflation and combines two existing specifications of the income share targets of workers and firms. In the model, only the target of firms is directly affected by the real exchange rate. Workers do not...

This paper expands Baranzini's (1991) approach by introducing the assumption of an open economy to a model of capital accumulation in an intergenerational framework. Our results show the importance of government activity and foreign trade interrelations in determining the path of the income...

We use a dynamic spatial general equilibrium model of international investment and production to investigate the real implications of the last five decades of financial globalization. We introduce a wedge accounting framework to estimate country- and time-varying measures of outward and inward...

Ambitious climate policy, coupled with financial frictions, has the potential to create macrofinancial stability risk. Such stability risk may expand beyond the economy implementing climate policy, potentially catching other countries off guard. International spillovers may occur because of...

The departure of Tony Thirlwall, a pioneer, renowned scholar, and a generous mentor, is a major loss to economics. This article reviews his main contributions to economics. The article focuses on his approach and method to economics and on his research output in the theory and empirics of growth...

We examine the impact of the last five decades of financial globalization on world GDP and income distribution, using a novel multi-country dynamic general equilibrium model that incorporates a demand system for international assets. We introduce, estimate and validate new country-level measures...

In this paper, we analyze the impact of external uncertainty shocks on the Korean economy, focusing on Russian geopolitical risks and U.S. monetary policy uncertainty. We find that increases in external uncertainties negatively affect the Korean macroeconomy, with a particularly pronounced...

We use a dynamic spatial general equilibrium model of international investment and production to in vestigate the real implications of the last five decades of financial globalization. We introduce a wedge accounting framework to estimate country- and time-varying measures of outward and inward...

This paper develops a nonlinear optimization model for the optimal allocation of labor and investment resources in a three-sector open economy. The model is based on the Cobb-Douglas production function and incorporates sectoral interdependencies, capital depreciation, trade balances, and import...

In this paper, we develop a small open economy model of secular stagnation that allows for both unemployment and underemployment. While unemployment results from the standard search and matching friction, underemployment in the form of an involuntary shortfall of working hours occurs under...

This paper develops a stock-flow consistent (SFC) macroeconomic model with an energy sector for China to investigate the effect of green policies on green transition and the economy. We provide an analytical solution for green transition that illustrates the relative cost of using conventional...

Post-Keynesian conflict inflation models have received renewed attention in the course of the recent inflationary processes related to the recovery from the Covid-19 crisis in 2020 and the hike of energy prices in the context of the start of the Russian war on Ukraine in 2022. Although the basic...

This paper extends the post-Keynesian model of the firm to an open-economy context to investigate the determinants of firms' target profit rates in developing and emerging economies (DEEs) and the ways in which these rates have been affected by the financialisation phenomenon. Our findings show...

We propose a macroprudential theory of foreign reserve accumulation that can rationalize the secular trends in public and private international capital flows. In middle-income countries, the increase in international reserves has been associated with elevated private capital inflows, both in the...

The first quarter of the twenty-first century has been transformative for emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs). These economies now account for about 45 percent of global GDP, up from about 25 percent in 2000, a trend driven by robust collective growth in the three largest EMDEs -...

This paper develops a stock-flow consistent (SFC) macroeconomic model with an energy sector for China to investigate the effect of green policies on green transition and the economy. We provide an analytical solution for green transition that illustrates the relative cost of using conventional...