This paper studies ecospirituality - spiritual views that people have about the natural world. First, utilizing folklore data from around 1,000 pre-industrial societies, we present the first comprehensive global measurement of ecospirituality. Our analysis reveals systematic cultural variation:...

Do citizens support policy instruments because they appreciate their effects or because they are convinced by their objectives? We administered a large-scale representative survey with randomised video treatments to test how different policy frames - time savings, health and environment - affect...

Attitudes toward the roles of women and men in society have become more egalitarian in Germany and most countries around the world since World War II. Recently, however, this process has slowed significantly, even reversing in some places. In most countries, the attitudes of the youngest ten age...

This paper surveys beliefs about the climate impact of green investing among academic experts and retail investors. Using the views of academic experts as a benchmark, we show that retail investors have overly optimistic climate impact beliefs. While most academic experts do not believe that a...

People often misjudge what others need to live well. We introduce and measure well-being norms - the income people believe others require for a good life - and show that these beliefs are systematically underestimated. In a preregistered U.S. survey, 85-86% of respondents reported thresholds...

The Country Opinion Survey in Tajikistan assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Tajikistan perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private...

The Country Opinion Survey in Malawi assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Malawi perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and...

The Country Opinion Survey in Mexico assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Mexico perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and...

The Country Opinion Survey in Peru assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Peru perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and...

The Country Opinion Survey in Colombia assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Colombia perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector,...

The Country Opinion Survey in Ecuador assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Ecuador perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector,...

The Country Opinion Survey in Ethiopia assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Ethiopia perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector,...

The Country Opinion Survey in Kazakhstan assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Kazakhstan perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private...

The Country Opinion Survey in Cameroon assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Cameroon perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector,...

The Country Opinion Survey in Gabon assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Gabon perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and...

This study examines the pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors of individuals across different age groups. We compare young adults with older adults in an online experiment with German participants. We use an incentivized task - the Work for Environment Protection task (WEPT) - to measure...

Background: The UK aims to reach net-zero greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by 2050, with food production and consumption being major contributors to GHG emissions. Consequently, the unsustainable nature of current dietary patterns significantly drives environmental degradation and climate change....

This paper experimentally examines the interplay between focal points, beliefs, and distributional preferences. Contrary to common wisdom, there is no detectable evidence that equal splits act as salient focal points in distributional voting contexts. Participants mispredict others' preferences:...

This paper examines the relationship between zero-sum thinking, political views, and individual well-being in Switzerland. Zero-sum thinking refers to the belief that resources are finite, and that one person’s gain must come at the expense of another. Using survey data from over 11,000...

We investigate the effect of anti-immigration attitudes on immigration plans to Europe. We propose a new instrument for attitudes toward immigration, namely, the number of country nationals killed in terrorist attacks taking place outside of Europe. Our first-stage results confirm that such...

We explore how news and social pressure affect public opinion on climate change in the USA, based on county-level data over the period 1990-2024. Social pressure turns out to be the key factor that shapes public opinion on climate change, much more so than media. Policies that increase the...

This study replicates and extends the analysis of belief elicitation methods conducted by Danz et al. (2022). The original paper scrutinizes the binarized scoring rule (BSR) method and its effectiveness in incentivizing truthful reporting. Using data from the original controlled laboratory...

Despite growing attention being paid to the societal impacts of violent conflict, little is known about how exposure thereto shapes gender attitudes, particularly in Africa. This study addresses that gap by examining the relationship between exposure to violent conflict and attitudes toward...

This research aims to assess PARIM-II in providing the potential migrants with the necessary information to make informed decisions about their futures, potentially reducing irregular migration from Pakistan to the EU and other countries. The insights gained from the research aim to guide future...

This study investigates how information about intergenerational and intragenerational inequality shapes fairness views and policy preferences. Using a large-scale randomized survey experiment with 4,900 respondents in Germany, we test how exposure to information on wealth and age disparities...