We study the environmental impact of artificial intelligence (AI) using a novel dataset that links measures of AI penetration, the location of data centers and power plants, and CO2 emissions across US commuting zones between 2002 and 2022. Our analysis yields four main findings. First,...

We provide a theoretical micro foundation for how much pollution (negative externalities) a firm will internalize based on the ownership distribution of its shareholders. Small shareholders, compared to large ones, want the firm to spend more on avoiding pollution since they suffer less profit...

We investigate how fuel taxation reduces climate and pollution externalities by evaluating the world’s largest environmental tax reform. Using spatially detailed emissions data from more than 1,000 European regions in a synthetic difference-in-differences framework, we evaluate the impact of...

We provide causal evidence from a developing country context that children exposed to lead at a young age exhibit worse cognitive outcomes. We exploit variation in exposure to leadcontaminated toxic sites in Indonesia and estimate a two-way fixed effects model using variation in age at first...

The work-from-home (WFH) revolution is reshaping economic activities and location choices with potentially important implications for environmental pollution. We use a quantitative spatial model calibrated to the German economy to assess the effects of increasing WFH from pre- to post-pandemic...

Objective: The objective is to examine how signals about the environmental pollution of a Small and Medium-sized Enterprise affect its perceived attractiveness as an employer, and whether higher pay can offset the negative effect of such signals. Research Design & Methods: To test our...

Although the environmental impact of trade has been a long-standing concern, there is still only scant evidence on the channels through which international market access affects pollution. In this paper, we exploit the unique episode of China’s world market integration in the early 2000s to...

We study the effect of energy and transport policies on pollution in two developing country cities. We use a quantitative equilibrium model with choice of housing, energy use, residential location, transport mode, and energy technology. Pollution comes from commuting and residential energy use....

Environmental research related to military activities and warfare is sparse and fragmented by discipline. Although achieving military objectives will likely continue to trump any concerns related to the environment during active conflict, military training during peacetime has environmental...

We study the effect of energy and transport policies on pollution in two developing country cities. We use a quantitative equilibrium model with choice of housing, energy use, residential location, transport mode, and energy technology. Pollution comes from commuting and residential energy use....

Background Large vessels that call at European ports will have to pay for their CO2 emissions from transporting cargo that enters or goes from a European port since January 2024. The costs will increase with increasing global trade. This results in a higher pollution level, including greenhouse...

Plastic pollution poses a critical environmental challenge, driven by excessive consumption and inadequate waste management, particularly in agri-food systems. Mismanaged municipal solid waste contributes to severe ecological degradation as plastics accumulate in terrestrial, aquatic, and...

Rapid global PV (photovoltaic) expansion driven by global decarbonization goals requires comprehensive life cycle environmental evaluation. This study applies a harmonized life cycle assessment (LCA) to seven representative PV modules across six installation scenarios, enabling consistent...

Industrial decarbonisation is a central challenge in achieving global climate targets, particularly due to the sector's heavy reliance on fossil-based heat generation. As efforts to transition toward electrified and low-carbon heating technologies intensify, it becomes essential to assess their...

* No credible forecast shows UK oil and gas demand falling to zero by 2050, even under net zero scenarios - oil and gas are essential ingredients in plastics, fertilisers, medicines and modern technology * The 78% headline tax rate is forcing a decline in North Sea production and driving...

This paper analyzes the causal effect of exposure to uncensored environmental reporting on individuals' environmental preferences and pro-environmental behavior. We exploit a natural experiment occurring in the German Democratic Republic, where geographic characteristics determined access to...

This study examines the role of science and technology finance (S&TF) and Industry 4.0 innovations in promoting sustainable transformation in China's copper mining industry, with a focus on reducing carbon emissions. Using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces spanning 2011 to 2020, we apply...

Financial markets and foreign investments could play an effective role in determining the environment and income of GCC resource-rich economies. Therefore, the effects of Financial Market Development (FMD) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Carbon Intensity (CI) from oil, gas, gas flaring,...

This work presents a modified version of the integrated economic-climate model RICECH₄. The aim of the work was to expand the basic RICE model by explicitly accounting for methane (CH₄) emissions along with traditional carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, as well as the subsequent analysis of...

We characterize optimal climate policy in an economy with heterogeneous households and non-homothetic preferences. We focus on constrained efficiency, where the planner is restricted from transferring resources across households. We derive three results. First, the constrained-optimal carbon tax...

This study examines the interplay between extreme temperatures and air pollution risks, the geographic and temporal distribution, as well as the population burden of climate shocks in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Thailand, and Viet Nam-countries severely impacted by climate change. Using...

This study uses 102 textile enterprises listed in China's A-share market from 2012 to 2022 as the research objects to explore the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on enhancing textile enterprises' pollution and carbon emissions reduction. Findings reveal that AI can significantly promote...

Over the years, the over-extraction and unsustainable utilization of natural resources has started to pose a severe environmental risk, necessitating immediate action on issues related to climate change. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between natural resources rent and...

Global warming is a serious and acute threat to our planet, but, when negotiating the allocation of permissible carbon emissions, conflicts of interest exist between developed and developing countries. Developing countries insist that global warming is the result of prolonged pollution emissions...

Do environmental conditions pose greater health risks to individuals living in urban or rural areas? The answer is theoretically ambiguous: while urban areas have traditionally been associated with heightened exposure to environmental pollutants, the economies of scale and density inherent to...

I document externalities in the agricultural sector of India due to air pollution. Using variation in pollution induced by changes in wind, I show that higher levels of particulate matter lead to decreased agricultural productivity, with changes in productivity of 10 percent being common....

This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of the world’s largest environmental tax reform. We compare carbon and air pollutant emissions of the German transport sector and synthetic counterfactuals following the 1999 eco-tax reform, and find average reductions in external damages of...

Firm ownership is a major determinant for the economic performance of firms, and emissions of pollutants are often by-products of industrial production. We investigate the impact of ownership on pollutant emissions of firms and their in- dustrial facilities in Europe jointly with their output,...

I document negative externalities of air pollution in the Indian agricultural sector. Using variation in pollution induced by changes in wind across years, I show that higher levels of pollution lead to decreased agricultural productivity, with large changes in productivity being common. The...