The autoregressive distributed lag bounds t-test and F-test for a long-run relationship that allows level variables to be either I(1) or I(0) is widely used in the literature. However, a long-run levels relationship cannot be detected when the dependent variable is I0, because both tests will...

In this study spanning four decades, we explored the relationship between the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) interventions and the validity of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) across two distinct exchange rate regimes: the fixed exchange rate regime (1975-1993) and the managed floating regime...

Road infrastructure underpins Nigeria's economic competitiveness, yet Public-Private Partnership (PPP) performance is constrained not by inadequate legislation but by persistent weaknesses in enforcement and governance. Transparency deficits across procurement, design management, certification,...

This study investigates whether fluctuations in the real exchange rate give rise to symmetric or asymmetric J-curve effects in manufacturing trade between Türkiye and Germany, thereby positioning the analysis within and contributing to the broader scholarly discourse on exchange rate-trade...

The volatility of exchange rates is considered to be an important measure of a country's economic vulnerability and has a direct or indirect causal relationship with a large number of macroeconomic variables. The aim of this study is to analyze the macroeconomic variables in the economic...

The impact of exchange rates is a significant concern affecting trade in the SADC region. This study's purpose is to assess the threshold effects of exchange rates on agricultural exports from SA to SADC from 2010 to 2022. A panel threshold estimation technique is applied to assess the exchange...

This paper examines the determinants of inflation differentials across member states of the African Economic Community (AEC). The results suggest that exchange rate depreciation, GDP per capita growth, price divergence, fiscal deficit, and periods of economic instability all contribute to higher...

There has been a long-running debate in international macroeconomics about whether there is purchasing power parity (PPP) in the data. But while the literature has been dominated by reduced-form evidence focusing on the real exchange rate dynamics including its long-run behaviour, little...

Controlling for macroeconomic indicators and trade openness, this study examined the impact of economic policy uncertainty on exchange market pressure for a panel of 25 countries from 2003Q2 to 2021Q3. The pooled mean group estimator, which allows for variation in short-run estimates and error...

The revival of economic nationalism poses a challenge to neoclassical orthodoxy, which claims that liberalized international trade is (subject to a few recognized exceptions) inherently cooperative and mutually beneficial. Post-Keynesian open economy models demonstrate that international trade...

This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric and systematic literature review analysis of the literature on the Big Mac Index (BMI) to identify its foundational aspects and summarize key findings. The BMI, an informal measure of purchasing power parity, has garnered scholarly interest in...

This article explores the economic and political implications of de-dollarization in Saudi oil transactions, by focusing on the European Union countries. It examines how an increased euro usage in these transactions influences the real exchange rate of the euro against the dollar and the volume...

This study examines the interactions among the oil price, Government expenditure, money supply, real effective exchange rate, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) across Malaysia's finance, retail and wholesale, manufacturing, agriculture and overall sectors by using a Structural Vector...

This paper studies the drivers of the US real exchange rate (RER), with a particular focus on its comovement with net trade (NT) flows. We consider the entire spectrum of frequencies, as the low-frequency variation accounts for 62 and 64 percent of the unconditional variance of the RER and NT,...

Growing remittance flows to emerging and developing economies may lead to real exchange rate appreciation and weaken their competitiveness. While the empirical literature finds mixed results about the relevance of this relationship, it does not delve into understanding the interplay of two...

This paper employs various empirical methods to test the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) hypothesis in West and Central Africa, considering countries within the WAEMU, CEMAC, CFA, and ECOWAS currency zones and four possible numeraire currencies-U.S. dollar, euro, renminbi, and the CFA franc. Using...

Per-capita national income remains a primary indicator of wellbeing in an international comparison. Accordingly, the World Bank has popularised the concept of constant-dollar income of a given base year (say 2015), which converts income denominated in constant local currency units (LCU) to a...

The exchange rate is among the main variables determining foreign trade, as it affects the prices of both exports and imports. Meanwhile, Okun's misery index (MI) attempts to synthesize the main issues affecting a society by combining two major macroeconomic variables - unemployment and...

The evolving macroeconomic landscape, shaped by the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, poses significant challenges for economies worldwide. However, Central, Eastern, and Southeastern European (CESEE) countries have demonstrated resilience and rapid recovery during crises,...

In this paper, the Balassa-Samuelson-Tariffi effect is revisited. This research first aims to explain that the behaviour of the real exchange rate shows structural breaks in the short term. A partial equilibrium model "á la Rogoff" is formally formulated where there are relative prices of...

We estimate the Phillips Curve using panel data to infer the slope of the aggregate Phillips Curve for Spain. In recent years, inflation has become a puzzle for economists and monetary authorities and academic research has been more active suggesting many possible explanations to the inflation...

A modified dynamic model averaging framework, which allows for inferences regarding the shifting relevance and significance of explanatory variables, is employed to evaluate the in-sample performance of exchange rate models. This analysis is based on a set of 16,384 model specifications derived...

A modified dynamic model averaging framework, which allows for inferences regarding the shifting relevance and significance of explanatory variables, is employed to evaluate the in-sample performance of exchange rate models. This analysis is based on a set of 16,384 model specifications derived...