The value of the Danish commercial real estate market is large and developments within this market can have widespread implications for the financial system and the real economy. This memo provides an overview of the Danish commercial real estate market. It maps the stock of Danish commercial...

Open-end real estate funds are collective investment undertakings in a diversified portfolio of real estate properties. The companies that launch and manage open-end real estate funds must regularly appraise fund properties because individual market prices are not available, which means that the...

This article regresses the market value of equity on pre-depreciation income and on depreciation expense for capital-intensive firms, referring to the coefficients from our model as valuation weights. The valuation weight on depreciation expense versus the weight on pre-depreciation income are...

Owner/operators often need to know the value of their intellectual property for transaction (sale or license), financing (sale/licenseback or collateralization), taxation (income or other), accounting (acquisition accounting or impairment testing), litigation (infringement or breach of...

There are three well-known, generally accepted vessel pricing methods: The Market Comparable Method, known as ‘marked to the market’ approach or frequently referred to as ‘last done’in shipping. In a simplified way, Karatzas (2009) describes it as: ‘What someone paid recently for a...

Until recently, in most countries, the use of Automated Valuation Models (AVMs) in the lending process was only allowed for support purposes, and not as the sole value-determining tool. However, this is currently changing, and regulators around the world are actively discussing the approval of...

The extent to which a real estate investment trust’s (REIT’s) physical growth is related to market valuation and performance is examined. Using a sample of U.S. equity REITs over the 1995-2020 period, we measure a REIT’s growth as the growth of its total area in square feet (or its number...

Accurate estimates of land values on a property-by-property basis are an important requirement for the effective implementation of land-based property taxes. We compare hedonic, residual, and matching techniques for mass appraisal of residential land values, using data from Maricopa County,...

We present the first comprehensive overview of regulation and standards of investments in real estate investment trusts (REITs) in 32 countries across the world. While there are large variations in REIT regulations across various countries, we also notice some common themes. REITs domiciled in...

Using three unique micro datasets, we find that an unexpected and unprecedented loosening of China's LTV policy for non-primary houses fueled the entire mortgage boom during 2014Q4-2016Q3. The mortgage expansion disproportionately increased the share of mortgages to middle-aged homeowners with...

We estimate the impact of piped water and sewers on property values in mid-19th century Chicago. The cost of sewer construction depends sensitively on imperceptible variation in grade, and such variations in grade delay water and sewer service to part of the city. This delay provides...

Property tax revenues - the largest discretionary source of revenue for local governments - adjust at a pace that is inconsistent with property values in the US. We show that this form of revenue smoothing may be rooted in the political economy of municipalities. Measures of local budget...

Licensing executives and related professionals (hereinafter “analysts”) are often called on to conduct intellectual property valuation analyses (or damages analyses or transfer price analyses) within a bankruptcy context. Part One of this three-part discussion examined the elements (or...

Licensing professionals and related professionals (hereinafter “analysts”) are often asked to conduct intellectual property valuations (or damages analyses or transfer price analysis) as part of a bankruptcy-related controversy. Part 1 of this three-part discussion considered all of the...

Intellectual property owner/operators often retain forensic accountants, financial advisors, industry consultants, licensing specialists, economists, and other professionals (collectively referred to herein as “analysts”) to perform valuation, damages, or transfer price analyses related to...

This paper presents an integrated clustering and regression approach for real estate valuation.The location of a property represents an essential factor that is usually included in real estateappraisal. Considering the spatial distribution of the proprieties in the dataset under study...

In this machine learning paper ,we analyzed the market prices of real estate properties in bengaluru using ensemble methods .The dataset was extracted from kaggle.com . Real estate price prediction is necessary for many reasons, including property insurance, investment analysis, taxation and...

This article presents how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the valuation profession in Poland in the early stages of its most severe restrictions and limitations. This study is the first to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the professional activities of property valuers. In particular, it...

We propose a method to estimate the capitalized value of the architectural design quality of a neighbourhood. Our economic design premium is identified by spatially differentiating property prices and design quality within neighbourhoods and comparing the differences across neighbourhoods. We...