Divestment ist eine Untergruppe nachhaltigkeitsorientierter Finanzstrategien. Absicht von Divestment ist es, die zum Unternehmenssektor gehörenden Förderer und Nutzer fossiler Brennstoffe so-zial zu brandmarken, um sie zu einem Verzicht auf diese Aktivitäten zu zwingen. Im vorliegenden...

Divestment ist eine Untergruppe nachhaltigkeitsorientierter Finanzstrategien. Absicht von Divestment ist es, die zum Unternehmenssektor gehörenden Förderer und Nutzer fossiler Brennstoffe so-zial zu brandmarken, um sie zu einem Verzicht auf diese Aktivitäten zu zwingen. Im vorliegenden...

U.S. policy is increasingly being influenced by suspicion of links between Chinese companies and the Chinese party-state and military. Competition over the technological future between the world’s two largest economies has produced a legal thicket of statutes, regulations, and executive orders...

We consider 134 countries during the period 1984-2019 and find a significant positive relation between Rule of Law (law and order provided by police and courts, respect for private property rights) and GDP per capita. Notably, this positive relation is getting stronger with time. This positive...

Judges' ideas, beliefs, and values are central to adjudication. Empowering the courts was a crucial step in third-wave democracies and, after some unfulfilled promises regarding the potential of the judicialization of politics for rights expansion, we need to learn more about the individuals...

This book explores the contribution that international economic law generally defined makes to the rule of law at national and international levels. The contributions of this book either:(i) examine particular features of the rule of law from a viewpoint of the contribution (at international or...

Covid-19-utbruddet førte til de mest dramatiske tiltakene gjennomført i Norge i fredstid med stengte grenser og skoler, forbud mot folkeansamlinger og strenge hygieneregler. Elektronisk kommunikasjon tok på få dager over som kanal for møter og samtaler i arbeidslivet og i samfunnet ellers....

Friedrich Hayek devoted the later part of his career to investigating the legal rules required for the existence of a free society. The subject of this paper is Hayek's treatment of legal positivism, which he thought was the most important intellectual movement responsible for the decline of...

Judges' ideas, beliefs, and values are central to adjudication. Empowering the courts was a crucial step in third‐wave democracies and, after some unfulfilled promises regarding the potential of the judicialization of politics for rights expansion, we need to learn more about the individuals...

The rule of law and judicial independence are a project yet to be achieved in Mozambique. The different attempts made so far to reform the legal system, mainly after the change in political and strategic direction brought about by the Constitution of 1990, were always short-sighted and...

Commerce requires trust, but trust is difficult when one group consistently fears expropriation by another. If men have a comparative advantage at violence and there is little rule-of-law, then unequal bargaining power can lead women to segregate into low-return industries and avoid...

Commerce requires trust, but trust is difficult when one group consistently fears expropriation by another. If men have a comparative advantage at violence and there is little rule-of-law, then unequal bargaining power can lead women to segregate into low-return industries and avoid...

Since the end of the 1980s, a multi-billion dollar development industry has become centrally concerned with ‘the rule of law' as instrument, end, and indicator of ‘development'. Yet, while the term ‘rule of law' may be a relative newcomer to the development project, this most recent form...

Despite a large consensus among economists on the strong interdependence and synergy between pro-development institutions, how should one understand why Imperial China, with weaker rule of law and property rights, gave the commoners more opportunities to access elite status than Premodern...

The background conditions for the emergence of the rule of law are important but underdeveloped. This paper traces more fully the relationship between the concept of human equality and the development of the rule of law. It presents evidence that the Jewish and Christian concept of all human...

Adding a new dimension to determinants of corruption, this paper examines the effectiveness of enforcement in reducing corruption. We compare the influences of latent enforcement (police, judicial, and prosecutorial employment) versus actual enforcement (conviction rates) and enforcing...

"The rapid growth of multinational corporations has given rise to many complex and controversial international law and governance issues. Driven to maximize shareholder value, these corporations are legally structured to seize every advantage while also benefiting from generous investor rights...

Nach den Anschlägen vom 11. September 2001 wurden in einigen westlichen Demokratien bürgerliche Freiheitsrechte durch eine verschärfte Sicherheitsgesetzgebung empfindlich beschnitten. Allerdings zeigen sich im folgenden Jahrzehnt deutliche Erholungseffekte, die wiederum zwischen den Ländern...

This articles examines 2 meanings of the term “rule of law;” the first being absence of lawlessness, and the second being the full range of laws, enforcement, that is described in the World Justice Project. Using those concepts, the article then looks at whether the rule of law, based upon...

The Brexit vote surprised and even astonished a large number of people around the world who could not – and cannot – understand why citizens of the United Kingdom would vote to secede from the European Union. If, however, one understands not just the current problems the British citizenry...

Contemporary monetary systems permit those in positions of authority to exercise discretionary power in the pursuit of monetary policy objectives. We argue there are strong prima facie reasons why this is normatively problematic. Engaging the literature on the rule of law, we argue that a...

Nach den Anschlägen vom 11. September 2001 wurden in einigen westlichen Demokratien bürgerliche Freiheitsrechte durch eine verschärfte Sicherheitsgesetzgebung empfindlich beschnitten. Allerdings zeigen sich im folgenden Jahrzehnt deutliche Erholungseffekte, die wiederum zwischen den Ländern...

We examine the determinants of financial development using our global sample and employing a rich set of measures of financial development that assess the degree of depth, access, stability and efficiency of financial intermediaries. We use Bayesian model averaging to test competing theories...

This paper does three things. First, based on a limited number of theoretically established dimensions, it proposes a new de facto indicator for the rule of law. It is the first such indicator to take the quality of legal norms explicitly into account. Second, using this indicator we shed new...