In this report, we focus on the fundamentals of energy and climate policy as reformulated in the EU Green Deal. The 2024 edition of this report includes updates following the adoption of the Fit for 55 Package, the REPowerEU Plan and the recent reforms of electricity and gas markets in Europe....

A lot of countries have recently published updated hydrogen strategies, often including more ambitious targets for hydrogen production. In parallel, accompanying ramp-up mechanisms are increasingly coming into focus with the first ones already being released. However, these proposals usually...

German companies view high and uncertain electricity prices a major challenge. A Renewable Energy Pool (RE-Pool), wherein the favorable conditions of competitive tenders for new wind and solar power projects are passed on to electricity consumers, could hedge such price risks. Consumers'...

Many emerging economies seek to lower carbon intensity while remaining heavily dependent on fossil fuels. This paper examines how sustainable finance, eco-innovation, and the energy mix shape Tunisia's low-carbon transition. We use quarterly data for 2000-2023 and an econometric...

Despite the strong commitment of European countries to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, the extent to which key policies and drivers jointly shape emissions dynamics remains insufficiently investigated. To fill this gap, the study investigates the combined effects of the circular economy,...

The worldwide move toward renewable energy indicates a fundamental change that is particularly important in the MENA region, which has abundant renewable resources and has depended on hydrocarbon economies. This study presents an empirical examination of key macroeconomic determinants-inflation,...

South Africa's shift to renewable energy has been characterised by significant structural changes, primarily through the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP), which achieved considerable capacity by 2016. Although this green transition aligns with...

The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 5, 7, and 8 aim to achieve gender equality for women, ensure affordable and sustainable energy, and promote economic growth and decent work for all, respectively. However, women remain underrepresented within the sustainable energy sector...

The expansion of wind energy projects in Indigenous territories has intensified debates about the social legitimacy of corporate practices. In the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, the main wind corridor in Mexico, wind farms coexist with deeply rooted Zapotec governance systems, creating a...

Zambia, an economy heavily reliant on hydropower for electricity, has faced sustained disruptions to electricity generation amid increasingly frequent and severe droughts. These drought-related disruptions have caused large GDP losses in recent years and have tilted electricity generation...

Ecological sustainability is one of the key dimensions of sustainable development in any economy. Developing economies exhibit high-risk levels in terms of political stability and corruption, thereby inhibiting them from successfully adopting techniques for ecological sustainability. A framework...

Moving towards a net-zero emissions future revolves around energy, with the power sector playing a crucial role in this process of reducing carbon emissions. The 26th Conference of the Parties (COP26) in Glasgow, hosted by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), saw...