This study examines the input and output of the incentive mechanism of the knowledge in knowledge alliances (KAs). Through the mathematical model and the empirical analysis, the results show that the input-output ratio of knowledge has a positive influence on the incentives in KAs, while the...

How does import protection affect export performance? In trade models with scale economies, import liberalization can reduce industry-level exports by cutting domestic production. We show that this export destruction mechanism reduced US export growth following the permanent normalization of...

How do firms adjust their output, inventories, employment and capital in response to demandsideshocks? To understand this, we estimate a reduced-form model using firm-level panel dataand we construct a theoretical model that can match the estimated impulse-response functions.A combination of...

It is assumed that Marx focuses on profits that are to be realized in larger production that permits some surplus production. This understanding underpins the importance of increasing returns embedded in employment dynamics associated with larger employment bases. This organizational form not...

The purpose of the paper is to present a modified model of an internalizing external costs caused by the operation of a manufacturing unit in conjunction with the new reality created. The environment is characterized as a public good. Public goods are goods that provide benefits for society as a...

Workforce development policymakers have access to a growing catalog of training programs evaluated with rigorous randomized controlled trials. This evidence base identifies programs that work in specific geographic and temporal contexts but may not necessarily work in other contexts or at a...

Scaling is a general analytical framework used by many disciplines — from physics to biology and the social sciences — to characterize how population–averaged properties of a collective vary with its size. The observation of scale invariance over some range identifies general system types,...

Relying on a novel dataset on hardware and software investments in the universe of French firms, we document a robust within-industry correlation between firm size and the intensity of IT demand. To explain this fact, we argue that the relative marginal product of IT inputs may rise with firm...

We undertake an exploration of the economic income (Gross Domestic Product, GDP) of Indian districts and cities based on scaling analyses of the dependence of these quantities on associated population size. Scaling analysis provides a straightforward method for the identification of network...

I document a (within-fund) hump-shaped relation between fund size and subsequent fund performance among U.S. corporate bond mutual funds. When funds are small, they exhibit increasing returns to scale but when they become large, they exhibit decreasing returns to scale. This sharply contrasts...

Increasing returns are inherent in information: the number of possible facts that can be organized is an exponential function of the number of times the information is sorted. Just as factories should run at a large scale in the face of increasing returns, information should be sorted into a...

I propose a resolution to the high-returns-to-R&D puzzle. The R&D investments of small and medium firms (lower 2/3 of the firm scale distribution) exhibit evidence of bunching below an upper-bound. No such bunching exists for physical investment. I show that a constraint on knowledge...

I demonstrate that skill and scale are mismatched among actively managed equity mutual funds. Many mutual fund investors confuse the effects of fund exposures to common systematic factors with managerial skill when allocating capital among funds. Active mutual funds with positive factor-related...

We consider a finite-horizon, periodic-review system for a perishable product at a retailer that faces stochastic, age-dependent demand and loses excess demand, if any. For this system, we build three models that capture two sources of unfilled demand, insufficient inventory and inappropriate...

We propose that individual differences in the value placed on the principle of moderation exist and influence many aspects of consumer decision-making. The idea that moderation is an important guiding norm of human behavior is prevalent throughout history and an explicit theme in many...

Business Process Reengineering (BPR) is the cutting-edge trend in contemporary business. It is a tool, a method or practice to attain radical improvement in various dynamic environments. The main aim of development of this scale “BPR Application Scale (BPRAS)” was to study about the...

Building on past research regarding the operating efficiency of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and recognizing the substantial changes in this industry since the turn of the millennium, we examine REIT efficiency over the period 2001–2015. Using both time-varying stochastic frontier and...

Visas are an important means for countries to regulate incoming mobility flows. Past datasets and quantitative research on visas have focused on visa waivers, ignoring the fact that visas, where demanded, can vary greatly by cost. This paper presents a novel dataset based on a manual collection...

This study-which includes a pilot intervention in Kenya-aims to further the state of knowledge about the emerging trend of disruptive agricultural technologies (DATs) in Africa, with a focus on supply-side dynamics. The first part of the study is a stocktaking analysis to assess the number,...

Equivalence scales are often used to adjust household income for differences in characteristics that affect needs. For example, a family of two is assumed to need more income than a single person, but not double due to economies of scale in consumption. However, in comparing economic well-being...

We investigate the geographic concentration of patenting in large cities using a sample of 14 developed countries. There is wide dispersion of the share of patented inventions in large metropolitan areas. South Korea and the US are two extreme outliers where patenting is highly concentrated in...

When comparing economic well-being using income or expenditures, an equivalence scale is often used to adjust for differences in characteristics that affect needs. For example, a family of two is assumed to need more income than a single person, but not twice as much due to the economies of...