One of the potential avenues for former professional football players to pursue their career is to become a head coach of a club's first team. An important question is how to best prepare for such a reconversion. This letter is the first in the academic literature quantifying the association...

Billions of euros are invested every year by professional football clubs for the recruitment of players. How do market actors decide prices? This paper presents an econometric model unveiling the key factors coming into play in determining fees on the transfer market for professional football...

One of the potential avenues for former professional football players to pursue their career is to become a head coach of a club’s first team. An important question is how to best prepare for such a reconversion. This letter is the first in the academic literature quantifying the association...

Sports analytics has benefited immensely from the growth and popularity of Machine Learning algorithms. Machine Learning and Data Mining advances have enabled sports analysts to evaluate a player’s performance more effectively. A review of existing literature on player performance evaluation...

It is often suggested by fans, the media, and football commentators that English players are over-valued relative to the cost of a comparable player from a different country. This study examines whether the suggestion can be empirically substantiated. We use a unique database covering all five...

Sponsorship income is one of the most important revenue sources for professional soccer clubs operating in the European top leagues. In light of the media attention that the Colin Kaepernick case and the Black Lives Matter movement have gained world-wide in recent times, the study at hand...

In the NBA, predominantly Black players play in front of predominantly non-Black fans. Using the 'NBA bubble', a natural experiment induced by COVID-19, we show that the performance of Black players improved significantly with the absence of fans vis-'a-vis White players. This is consistent with...

The paper aims to examine the role of localness of a sports celebrity and a level of product involvement in the mediated impact of the perceived product quality on the relationship between a sports celebrity's credibility and consumers' purchase intention in a developing economy. A total of 253...

We investigate the relationship between consumer discrimination, racial matching strategies, and employer discrimination in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1985 to 2016. To this end, we assess the extent to which both fan attendance and team performance respond to changes in teams' and their...

Anti-doping rule violations (ADRVs) can lead to sports-related and legal sanctions, thus, being knowledgeable is important. Research into this knowledge and how athletes and their support personnel (ASP) perceive the control mechanisms and the appropriateness of (legal) sanctions is still...

We analyze the impact of psychological pressure on individual performance with handball penalties thrown in the decisive stage vs. the rest of the game. Contrary to the phenomenon of choking under pressure, we observe that most of the analyzed players perform best when it matters the most. The...

We study whether there is a racial bias in ratings of professional football players in Italian newspapers. We find that there is such a bias. Conditional on objective performance indicators black players receive a lower rating than non-black players. This is not a difference across the board but...

The recent Supreme Court decision NCAA vs Alston (June 2021) has heightened interest in the benefits and costs of participation in sports for student athletes. Anecdotes about the exploitation of student athletes were cited in the opinion. This paper uses panel data for two different cohorts...

Despite a solid foundation of women's career progression research, the role of personality and psychosocial characteristics in explaining objective career success is not yet fully understood. Structural underrepresentation of female executives at board levels remains an issue in both Europe in...

This paper examines the growing trend of NFL players to forego participation in the league's yearly All-Star Game, the Pro Bowl. Viewership of the Pro Bowl has been substantially lower than the average game day in recent years, causing controversial discussions about the viability of the game...

This paper investigates high-performance athletes' development of their financial literacy and self-management skills and the related organisational support available to them during their athletic careers. The data were collected from 20 retired high-performance athletes (10 male and 10 female)...

We investigate the hot hand hypothesis using detailed data on free throws and field goal attempts for the 2004-2005 through 2015-2016 NBA regular seasons. Free throws represent a more controlled setting, allowing a closer examination of the potential physiological mechanisms behind success in...

Draft summary of a study conducted to measure whether NBA athletes perform better when in no-tax states compared to high-tax states due to a more positive attitude which has been shown to positively affect athletic performance

Should college athletes be compensated for their play and if so, how? The first question has been a debate for some time now. But the second question—the “how”—not so much. This writing addresses both questions in depth. With the Ed O’Bannon case that was decided back in August of 2014...

As a follow-up to our first paper that looked at which teams in the 2018-19 NBA season could best-adapt the Grinnell System, we sought to broaden the scope of analysis both in terms of length and depth. The System itself is a fast-paced basketball playstyle that emphasizes a massive amount of...

Achievement gaps may reflect the cognitive impairment thought to occur in evaluative settings (e.g., classrooms) where a stereotyped identity is salient (i.e., stereotype threat). This study presents an economic model of stereotype threat that reconciles prior evidence on how student effort and...

We study whether there is a racial bias in ratings of professional football players in Italian newspapers. We find that there is such a bias. Conditional on objective performance indicators black players receive a lower rating than non-black players. This is not a difference across the board but...

This study aimed to use a concept mapping methodology (Trochim, 1986b) to develop a European framework of the needs of parents and guardians for supporting athletes combining sport and education (dual career). By means of a concept mapping methodology, we gathered 337 French, Irish, Italian,...

The rate at which athletes represent themselves in standard form contract negotiations has increased in recent years. Based on a wide variety of reasons for and against, athletes may elect to represent themselves rather than pay an agent to represent their interest(s). This article argues,...

Legal sports wagering has been rapidly expanding across the United States since 2018. In the wake of the Supreme Court’s Murphy decision more than twenty states have legalized sports betting and billions of dollars have followed the cascades of legalization. As the legal market continues to...

We examine the effect of contract-based incentives on the performance of NBA players using data from the 2004-05 to 2014-15 seasons. We find support for a contract year effect, meaning that players in the last season of their current contract improve their performance in order to secure better...

As consumers begin to realize the extent to which their biometric and health data are being tracked through wearable devices, new privacy concerns have arisen. These concerns are more than hypothetical as the unregulated sharing and disclosure of biometric and health data may have serious...

This article explores the negative implications of the current NCAA model on college athletes. The article also provides different ways in which the new name, image, and likeness policy should be implemented to best suit all parties

When introducing plant and animal protein products, in addition to nutritional value, it is advisable to assess their physicochemical properties and technological indicators, in particular, homogeneity and consistency stability. The aim of research is to determine the effect of consistency...

Wearable technologies is an emerging technology. The devices are networked to collect the data, track the activities then based on collected and tracked data customize the experiences to as per user’s requirements. Wearables consists of microchips sensors and wireless communication devices....

We analyze the impact of three different transfer fee systems on payoffs, contract lengths, training and effort incentives in European football. The different regimes, being used until 1995 (Pre-Bosman; or P), currently in use (Bosman; or B), and recently approved (Monti; or M) differ with...

Recent theoretical research has identified many ways how contracts can be used as rent seeking devices vis-à-vis third parties, but there is no empirical evidence on this issue so far. To test some basic qualitative properties of this literature, we develop a theoretical and empirical framework...