We study the effects of decentralized wealth taxation on mobility and the effectiveness of tax coordination at mitigating tax competition. We exploit the reintroduction of the Spanish wealth tax, after which all regions except Madrid levied positive tax rates. We find the mobility responses to...

Excess profit taxes (EPTs) emerge as an option to contribute to the extra needed revenues, avoiding a general increase in corporate tax rates, while having the prospect to serve as a gateway to converge toward a permanent efficient rent tax instaed of the corporate income tax. General unilateral...

The paper discusses the European Commission’s tax policy agenda in business income taxation and the ongoing legislative initiatives in this regard as per early 2022. The focus is on the Commission Communication titled ‘Business Taxation for the 21st Century’ of 18 May 2021 and the...

This paper examines how the corporate income tax base is to be shared with the proposed global corporate minimum tax, which has been agreed to by more than 130 countries. The aim of the global minimum tax is to reduce the incentive for profit shifting by putting a floor on corporate tax rates so...

Die Forscher des ZEW Mannheim rund um Professor Christoph Spengel kommen zu folgendem Ergebnis: Der Steuerwettbewerb hat sich abgeschwächt. Bestimmte Instrumente gegen die Gewinnverlagerung wirken. Das führt aber bisher nicht zu einer Angleichung der Steuersätze auf niedrigerem Niveau.

This paper studies the effects of globalization on the ability of governments to generate tax revenues for the financing of national welfare states. In this context, it summarizes the theoretical predictions of various economic models of tax competition between countries and discusses the role...

Excess profit taxes (EPTs) emerge as an option to contribute to the extra needed revenues, avoiding a general increase in corporate tax rates, while having the prospect to serve as a gateway to converge toward a permanent efficient rent tax instaed of the corporate income tax. General unilateral...

This paper investigates the incentives for countries to implement and maintain the global minimum tax introduced by the G20/OECD’s Inclusive Framework 2021 agreement: Pillar 2. It argues that the agreement has sufficient elements to create incentives for large headquarters countries to...

In this globalized world with growing cross border investment, border between countries have limited impact. Post liberalisation phase has seen tremendous investment in those countries which have liberal tax regime from companies based in most developed nations of the world. As per Global...

A Theory of International Taxation combines qualitative and quantitative analyses to shed light on the shaping of the international tax regime (ITR) over the last century. It offers a theory of the ITR as the product of the strategic interaction between three small groups: international...

International trade research relies heavily on data reported at the product level. Regular classification updates of the “Harmonized System” lead to intertemporal inconsistencies affecting up to 44% of world goods trade. Existing methods to standardize product vintages either drop numerous...

This paper studies how the global minimum tax shapes national tax policies and welfare in a formal model of international tax competition with heterogeneous countries. The net welfare effect is generally ambiguous from the perspective of non-havens. On the one hand, the global minimum tax raises...

The OECD Programme of Work on the tax challenges arising from the digitalization of the economy comprises a so-called GloBE (Global Base Erosion) or Pillar Two proposal, consisting of a series of measures aimed at establishing a floor to tax competition by achieving minimum taxation of the...

The taxation of the digitalized economy is the single most important topic in international tax negotiations today. The OECD has devised a "Two Pillar solution" to the problem. Pillar One is focusing on a reallocation of taxing rights to market jurisdictions, which are largely expected to be...

What happens when sovereign governments coordinate their tax policies? This is an important research topic in government and economics. We focus on implications of re-allocating taxing rights away from source countries (where goods are produced) to market countries (where goods are consumed) and...

The proposed OECD Pillar One and Two reforms mark a significant shift in the way large multinational enterprises are taxed on their global incomes. However, while considering the reform at the proposed scale tax administrators must be able to compare the revenue gains with alternatives. This...

The recent international agreement on a minimum effective corporate tax rate marks a profound change in global tax arrangements. The appropriate level of that minimum, however, has been, and remains, extremely contentious. This paper explores the strategic responses to a minimum tax, which the...

The present paper attempts to demonstrate that finding an appropriate trade-off between direct and indirect taxes can help smooth policy makers’ way through reconciling the contradictory notions of equity and efficiency. Our theoretical and empirical analysis is based on the assumption that...

The report describes some of the key developments in international tax reform since February 2024, including on the Two-Pillar Solution to Address the Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the Economy and on the implementation of the BEPS minimum standards. It also covers progress...

Based on the agreed Pillar 1 threshold of profitability of 10% (and given that financial and extractive companies are excluded), then only 78 of the world's 500 largest companies will be affected. If the proportion of profit above this threshold liable to Amount A is set to 20% (from the range...

Basic economic theory identifies a number of efficiency gains that derive from international capital mobility. But just as free trade in goods, there is no guarantee that capital mobility makes everyone better off. Consequently, capital mobility may be politically unsustainable even though it...

The theory of international macroeconomics shows that domestic tax policy in a global economy affects foreign economic conditions via complex, dynamic interactions through relative prices, tax revenues, and wealth distribution. This paper proposes a tractable quantitative framework for assessing...

In a previous paper I described how the tax design called the X Tax would facilitate an international tax system free of many of the complexities and avoidance opportunities plaguing the existing international tax regime and also have neutrality properties generally deemed desirable. A choice...

We show that agglomeration forces can reverse standard international-tax-competition results. Closer integration may result first in a race to the top' and then a race to the bottom, a result that is consistent with recent empirical work showing that the tax gap between rich and poor nations...

Opening Europe's borders in 1993 makes the allocation of resources more vulnerable to differences in the national tax rates. The first part of the paper demonstrates that direct consumer purchases will imply distortions resulting from diverging VAT rates and it clarifies why the frequently cited...

The United States implements much of its social policy through the income tax laws. The Code is rife with tax expenditures for education, housing, community economic development, retirement savings, and health care to name a few. But the IRS is not an agency with expertise in any of these areas...

The integration of world capital markets carries important implications for the design and impact of tax policies. This paper evaluates research findings on international taxation, drawing attention to connections and inconsistencies between theoretical and empirical observations. Diamond and...

Free movements of goods and capital across national borders have important implications for both direct and indirect taxation. The paper discusses the following issues: (a) The implications of different treatments of resident capital income originating abroad and nonresident capital income...

To what degree will the recent free-trade agreement create pressure on the U.S. and Canada to modify, and perhaps harmonize, their tax systems? What will be the implications of the more extensive policy changes now going on within the E.C.? This paper examines the types of pressures for reform...

Using a human capital based growth model, we show the essential role of labor mobility and cross-country tax harmonization in equalizing income levels of countries that start off from different initial income positions. Knowledge spillovers cum labor mobility are the driving forces behind the...