This paper examines the effect of Tobacco 21 laws, which raise the minimum age for tobacco purchases to 21, on prenatal smoking and birth outcomes using restricted access data from the National Vital Statistics System. Using both the synthetic difference-in-differences and stacked event-study...

This study seeks to analyze the impact of land reform on the export performance of tobacco, since the cash crop is a major foreign currency earner for Zimbabwe. A gravity model was adopted for the study using secondary panel data from 1992 to 2018. The findings show that 17.2% of the explanatory...

The tobacco industry is of considerable economic importance worldwide, providing the livelihoods of millions of people and contributing significantly to national economies. Within this industry, planning is emerging as a leading function of management, playing a key role in ensuring the success...

The Global Tax Program Health Taxes Knowledge Note Series focuses on topics linked to implementation of health taxes, or excise taxes on tobacco, alcoholic drinks and sugar-sweetened beverages. The purpose of this series is to provide policy makers with an overview of relevant issues and...

Purpose This study aims to estimate the pass-through rate of the increases in the excise tax and TCF tax on tobacco in Vietnam. This study seeks to shed light on how the tax burden is split between consumers and producers and inform policy discussions in the country. Using panel micro-level data...

Tobacco consumption contributes to a substantial amount of household expenditures, which might lead to decreased spending on other essentials. This study examines household head tobacco expenditures in various inequality settings. In this study, we investigated the impact of gender, race, and...

Menthol cigarettes, and the flavorants used in other nicotine products, including e-cigarettes, have been the subject of much debate by policymakers and media alike; however, empirical research regarding flavorant bans has been limited. In this work, I evaluate the expected impact of the proposed...

In line with the Tobacco Products Directive (2014/40/EU) and Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/786, the Independent Advisory Panel on characterising flavours in tobacco products (IAP) has been established assisting Member States and the Commission in determining whether or not a tobacco...

This study is the first to comprehensively examine the impacts of statewide tobacco 21 (T-21) laws on youth tobacco consumption, including spillovers to minor teens. Using data from the 2009-2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey and a differencein-differences approach, we find...

As the tax base for traditional tobacco excise taxes continues to erode, policymakers have growing interest to expand taxation to novel and reduced-risk tobacco products. Chief among the latter are e-cigarettes although taxes for other reduced-risk tobacco products such as heated tobacco and...

The benefits of innovation are unpredictable and hard to quantify. Fear of adverse consequences can lead to excessive emphasis on risk avoidance, leading to regulation that holds back beneficial innovation. The experience in tobacco harm reduction illustrates this.Innovative reduced-risk...

The paper investigates whether there is any ethical dilemma for the retailers of tobacco products to sell cigarettes to minors or not. With the study of secondary data and primary data coming from 60 retailers and 20 experts from Khulna City, Dhaka City, and Savar, the research concludes that in...

Taxing the tobacco market faces an important trade-off. From a fiscal perspective, more smokers means higher tax revenue. From a health perspective, more smokers means reduced public health.New products (e-cigarettes, heated tobacco products, snus...) add a new aspect to this classic problem in...

This paper studies models of processes generating censored outcomes with endogenous explanatory variables and instrumental variable restrictions. Tobit-type left censoring at zero is the primary focus in the exposition. Extension to stochastic censoring is sketched. The models do not specify the...

There is a lack of independent data regarding the illicit tobacco trade in Malaysia. Tobacco Industry (TI) commissioned data has previously been criticised for overestimating the illicit tobacco trade and for a lack of methodological transparency. The aim of this study is to present an...

In this working paper, an exploration of available data and information is conducted and findings presented, to support the view that the dichotomous business model and related harm reduction narrative promoted nowadays by the tobacco industry, merits scrutiny by the international community. The...

Several studies investigate the various aspects of tobacco at the processing and cigarette manufacturing levels, but the profitability, supply response, and input demand of tobacco farms in Pakistan remain unknown. Our study fills this gap by examining farm-level profitability, input demand, and...

Tobacco 21 (T-21) laws prohibit the sale of tobacco products to individuals under age 21. This study is the first to comprehensively examine the impacts of statewide T-21 laws on youth tobacco consumption, including spillovers to minor teens. Using data from the 2009-2019 Behavioral Risk Factor...

The benefits of innovation are unpredictable and hard to quantify. Fear of adverse consequences can lead to excessive emphasis on risk avoidance, leading to regulation that holds back beneficial innovation. The experience in tobacco harm reduction illustrates this.Innovative reduced-risk...

Heated tobacco products (HTPs), a harm reducing cigarette alternative, gained popularity over the past decade and appear to have contributed significantly to the reduction of smoking in Japan. While the increased popularity of HTPs suggests a consumer preference for cigarette alternatives, there...

In this paper, we develop and estimate a model of commercial smuggling in which some, but not all, firms smuggle a portion of the cigarettes they sell. The model is used to examine the effects on interstate cigarette smuggling of the Contraband Cigarette Act and a change in the federal excise...

This paper estimates effects of e-cigarette taxes enacted in eight states and two large counties on e-cigarette prices, e-cigarette sales, and sales of other tobacco products. We use NielsenIQ Retail Scanner data from 2011 to 2017, comprising approximately 35,000 retailers nationally, and...

Background: We constructed a composite index, which measures the enabling factors of illicit tobacco trade for 160 countries.Data and Methods: We collected the most recent and best available data for various variables on general governance, tobacco control policies, trade and customs practices....

We study the effects of traditional cigarette and e-cigarette taxes on use of these products among adults in the United States. Data are drawn from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and National Health Interview Survey over the period 2011 to 2018. Using two-way fixed effects...

We compare the ownership characteristics of tobacco stocks with their peers in the same country and industry group. We find lower reported ownership for stocks in the tobacco industry, which suggests that anonymous investors are larger owners of these sin stocks. Compared to peer stocks, U.S....

The goal of this paper is to analyze consumer demand in markets with large price uncertainty. We develop a demand model for goods that are subject to habit formation. We show that consumption plans of forward looking individuals depend not only on preferences and current period prices, but also...

Despite increasing industry-funded reports of illicit tobacco trade in Singapore, Singapore’s revenue from tobacco tax has been increasing in the past decade. This is partly because Singapore has one of the highest tobacco tax rates in ASEAN – second only to Thailand’s 70%, estimated at...

In the Swedish Match case, the Court of Justice of the European Union upheld the EU ban on the sale of snus, a moist snuff manufactured by Swedish Match.Presenting a constructive argument based on the foundations of Community law, this judgment offers, in the light of the wide discretion granted...

We examine how market structure and enforcement affect smuggling and welfare in a model where smuggling is camouflaged by legal sales. Conditions are given for when some, but not necessarily all, firms smuggle. With camouflaging, the market price is below the price when all sales are legal, so...

This paper analyzes the relationship between the demand for tobacco, its price and the economic factors that may influence it. The objective is to understand the response of consumers to an increase in tobacco prices. The price increase is assumed to be caused by the effect of increasing tobacco...