This annual CETO report provides an overview of technological trends and market issues on selected topics regarding the electricity grid and the "smart grid of the future". The analysis this year focuses on grid infrastructure, since the physical grid assets are increasingly being recognized as...

Energy networks are a core component of the European energy system. As energy supply and use cause 77 % of the EU's total greenhouse gas emissions, the design and development of the EU's energy networks define the EU's transition towards a decarbonised and resilient energy system. The EU's...

The objective of this study is to provide insights into the development of the trans-European energy infrastructure in the transition period 2030-2050. In particular, the study focusses on the development of the electricity grid, dedicated hydrogen networks incl. repurposing existing natural gas...

Energy networks, such as gas pipelines, electricity grids and interconnections, are a core component of the energy system of the European Union (EU). They play a significant role in determining to what extent different energy sources can be transmitted and used across the EU, and, in the case of...

This report explores key challenges and priorities in safeguarding Europe's critical energy infrastructure against both physical and cyber threats amid rising geopolitical tensions. It follows recent sabotage incidents and the extensive development of new offshore energy infrastructure planned...

As the world races to decarbonize its energy systems, the choice between transmitting green energy as electrons through high-voltage direct current (HVDC) lines or as molecules via hydrogen pipelines emerges as a critical decision. This paper considers this pivotal choice and compares the...

Das deutsche Energiesystem befindet sich seit der Jahrtausendwende in einem tiefgreifenden Transformationsprozess, an dessen Ende die Klimaneutralität stehen soll. Um den Fortschritt dieser Transformation adäquat und zuverlässig beurteilen zu können, bedarf es geeigneter Indikatoren. Neben...

This document provides an overview of the latest technological and market trends on the topic of Smart Grids in the European Union. Given the broad scope of the topic and the comprehensive approach followed in the last year report, the analysis has focused instead on two specific enabling...

Hydrogen is expected to play a significant role in the nation’s energy transition, but the development of the hydrogen market may be hindered by uncertainty over how pipelines that transport hydrogen will be regulated. No statute expressly provides for federal regulation of the construction or...

"The economic and financial losses caused by climate-related events such as wildfires, heat waves, and hurricanes can reach hundreds of billions of dollars, threatening the financial health and solvency of the utilities and local governments. In addition, they can significantly hinder the...

Conflicts severely depress the manufacturing sector of affected countries and jeopardize its recovery once peace is re-established. Yet, I claim that donors' commitment to restore and develop infrastructures to generate, distribute, store and manage energy may boost an upswing of the...

Uganda and Kenya agreed to jointly build the Uganda-Kenya crude oil pipeline (UKCOP) in 2014. The planned pipeline benefited from a history of common cross-border projects as well as a shared interest to monetize their respective oil reserves. Nevertheless, Uganda soon jettisoned the pipeline...

This study assesses climate-related financial risks on energy infrastructure investments. We conduct an asset-level and forward-looking risk assessment on three downstream energy assets: natural gas, coal, and solar photovoltaic power plants. We first identify climate risk factors (physical and...

Three approaches (heat exchangers with steam, heat exchangers with thermal oil, and direct fired heaters) were analyzed for heating pipeline to transport a heavy crude oil (viscosity of 62,745 cSt a 15.6 °C, and 11.78° API gravity). The selected pipeline has a length of 62.7 km and transports...

Das deutsche System von Energieerzeugung und -verbrauch ist im Umbruch, was mit erheblichen Konsequenzen und Unsicherheiten für die mittelständische Wirtschaft einhergeht. Als eine Zukunftsperspektive wird der Aufbau einer Wasserstoffwirtschaft angesehen, was jedoch mit erheblichen technischen...

Although electricity grids shape and define both political and economic spaces, the geopolitical significance of electricity remains underestimated. In political communities and beyond, such grids establish new channels for projecting geopolitical influence and new spheres of influence. In the...

Effective planning and regulatory processes ensure orderly energy systems. Often, decisions are not made within mandated time frames or discrete consent processes are infrequent. Where multiple consent processes exist in sequence, a given delay may be compounded. These factors can negatively...

As countries scale up climate action, they face the challenge of expanding renewable power while tackling biodiversity loss. Transitioning away from fossil fuels can reduce climate-related pressure on biodiversity, but brings its own risks. Unless carefully managed, the expansion of renewable...

"The world has been witnessing an accelerating momentum toward carbon neutrality, with almost all major countries onboard. The stakes are extremely high with over US100 trillion in investments needed to achieve net zero emissions. This book delves into this intricate multi-trillion-dollar...

Economists, energy experts, and policymakers have called for accelerating investment in the U.S. electricity transmission network. Additional transmission lines could better integrate markets, reducing the total cost of electricity generation. They could also allow for the better integration of...

Natural gas currently represents close to a third of U.S. primary energy consumption and has often been described as a bridge fuel in the context of the ongoing energy transition. As coal plants are retired and the share of variable renewable resources in the U.S. power markets grows, power...

The majority penetration of Variable Renewable Energy (VRE) will challenge the stability of electrical transmission grids due to unpredictable peaks and troughs of VRE generation. With renewable generation located further from high demand urban cores, there will be a need to develop new...