Alcohol exclusion provisions, embedded in the Uniform Accident and Sickness Policy Provision Law (UPPL), allow health insurance providers to punish alcohol consumption by permitting them to deny claims for injuries stemming from alcohol impairment or the use of non-prescribed narcotics. Although...

We consider the optimal liability rule in the case of accidents by fully autonomous vehicles. We show that when due activity is not enforceable, it is socially optimal to apply the strict liability rule to the human operator who determines the activity level and to apply the negligence rule to...

India continues to experience an ever-increasing number of motor accidents over the past few decades. The disputes that arise from motor accidents constitute a burden that a large section of the society in India cannot afford to carry. The settlement of such disputes through litigation has...

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications are already integrated and expected to expand within the aviation sociotechnical ecosystem. Machine Learning (ML) models are capable and could excel on accident report classification tasks within the aviation context, assuming adequate and proper...

Background A work accident constitutes a shock to health, likely to alter mental states and afect the use of psy‑ chotropic drugs. We focus on the use of benzodiazepines, which are a class of drugs commonly used to treat anxi‑ ety and insomnia. Prolonged use can lead to dependence. Our...

This paper investigated the risk indicators in maritime accidents and how they are considered within the reporting of maritime accidents, drawing on ten years of International Maritime Organisation (IMO) (2011-2020) accident reports. It highlighted the lack of consistent findings in studies...

In a recent article, Guerra et al. (2022c) considered the problem of liability for accidents caused by the activity of robots, proposing a novel liability regime, which they referred to as ‘manufacturer’s residual liability.’ Under this regime, injurers (robot operators) and victims are...

Although at least 400 million people suffer from seasonal allergies worldwide, the adverse effects of pollen on "non-health" outcomes, such as cognition and productivity, are relatively understudied. Using ambulance archives from Japan, we demonstrate that high pollen days are associated with...

Through interactions with their parents, children develop the basic foundations for skills that play a direct role in their adulthood economic well-being. What are the consequences of disruptions to family structure and parental absence on a child's long-run success? This paper provides...

Over the course of the last half-century, the “injury in fact” test has been radically transformed. It began as a bold and essentially lawless effort, led by Justice William O. Douglas, to expand the category of persons entitled to bring suit, and in the process to open federal courts to a...

In recent years, road traffic accidents, as a leading cause of accidental deaths, have been attracting more and more attention across several disciplines. Notably, the feature study on accidents severity can help exactly identify causality between different risk factors and road accidents,...

A large amount of radioactive dust will be generated during the operation of China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR). Under the loss of vacuum accident (LOVA), the intrusion of high-speed airflow can cause dust migration and even explosion. Therefore, studying the airflow characteristics...

The energy sector worldwide has been beset with several catastrophic accidents. The accidents have harmed human beings and the ecosystem. Statistical analysis is essential to know about and learn from the accidents. The Russia-Ukraine conflict in 2022 is one wrench in global energy markets, and...

List of figuresList of tablesPrefaceAcknowledgements1 Introduction: The impact on public safety of corruption2 Data, definition of terms, method, theory and presentation3 Case studies3.1 Nuclear soldiers3.2 The Marine Electric loss3.3 The Hillsborough football stadium disaster3.4 The Adam Air...

Sooner or later almost every business enterprise faces the unwelcome prospect of injury to a customer. Even the smallest of businesses needs to be vigilant about potential injuries. Common examples include: restaurant meals that cause illness to consumers; shopping cart injuries; overcrowding...

Accident law is the body of legal rules governing the ability of victims of harm to sue and to collect payments from those who injured them. This paper contains the chapters on accident law from a general, forthcoming book, Foundations of Economic Analysis of Law (Harvard University Press,...

In the next decade, humans will increasingly share the roads with autonomous vehicles (AVs). The deployment of AVs has the potential to dramatically reduce the frequency and severity of motor vehicle crashes. Existing liability rules give companies developing AVs insufficient incentives to...

Many states have passed child access prevention (CAP) laws, which hold the gun owner responsible if a child gains access to a gun that is not securely stored. Previous CAP law research has focused exclusively on gun-related deaths even though most gun injuries are not fatal. We use annual...

This is a survey of legal liability for accidents. Three general aspects of accident liability are addressed. The first is the effect of liability on incentives, both whether to engage in activities (for instance, whether to drive) and how much care to exercise (at what speed to travel) to...

Child injury mortality rates have declined steadily over time and across causes of death. This paper investigates alternative explanations for this decline and evaluates their value. I assess changes in children's living circumstances, changes in the professional child injury knowledge base,...

In western countries, accidents are the leading cause of death and injury among children, far surpassing diseases as a health threat. We examine the effect of maternal employment and child care policy on rates of accidental injury using both micro data from the National Longitudinal Survey of...

This paper is a contribution to the literature on efficient assignment of liabilities for accidental losses arising out of two party interactions involving negative externalities. The objective is to examine the requirements that efficiency imposes on rules for the assignment of liabilities for...

In a world with risk-neutral agents, liability rules will only induce efficient behavior if these rules impose the full (marginal) costs of an action on the parties. However, institutional restrictions or bilateral activity choices can prevent the full internalization of costs. A mechanism is...

In various countries, initiatives have been taken to speed up the process to provide compensation to victims of personal injury. There are some concerns that speeding up the process (inter alia via alternative dispute resolution mechanisms) may go at the expense of accuracy. Within this paper,...