This paper investigates whether trade frictions, in the form of exchange controls, are among the main obstacles preventing the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) hypothesis from being valid among trading nations. It specifically looks at whether exchange controls - a type of trade friction - hinder...

This paper puts forward a general statistical model in the time domain based on the concept of fractional integration. More specifically, in the proposed framework instead of imposing that the roots are strictly on the unit circle, we also allow them to be within the unit circle. This approach...

This note puts forward a new modelling approach that includes both fractional integration and autoregressive processes in a unified framework. The proposed model is very general and includes other more standard approaches such as the AR(F)IMA models. Some Monte Carlo evidence shows that the...

We extend existing data sets for domestic and foreign private and public R&D stocks as well as labour-augmenting technical change data based on CES production functions. We cover slightly more periods and many more countries, now 44 up from 17. We consider panel unit root issues for a large...

There has been a long-running debate in international macroeconomics about whether there is purchasing power parity (PPP) in the data. But while the literature has been dominated by reduced-form evidence focusing on the real exchange rate dynamics including its long-run behaviour, little...

Spatial unit roots can lead to spurious regression results. We present a brief overview of the methods developed in M¨uller and Watson (2024) to test for and correct for spatial unit roots. We also introduce a suite of Stata commands (-spur-) implementing these techniques. Our commands exactly...

This note provides extensive evidence on the persistence properties of real GDP in 17 European countries and in the US over the period 1960-2023 using a fractional integration framework. The analysis suggests that in all cases shocks have permanent effects on the level of real GDP. This is...

Spatial unit roots can lead to spurious regression results. We present a brief overview of the methods developed in Müller and Watson (2024) to test for and correct for spatial unit roots. We also introduce a suite of Stata commands (-spur-) implementing these techniques. Our commands exactly...

Spatial unit roots can lead to spurious regression results. We present a brief overview of the methods developed in Müller and Watson (2024) to test for and correct for spatial unit roots. We also introduce a suite of Stata commands (-spur-) implementing these techniques. Our commands exactly...

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of persistence in real house prices at the quarterly frequency in 47 countries from the OECD Database using fractional integration methods. The sample period varies depending on data availability, the longest series being the Japanese one (from...

This study examines the impact of health expenditure on economic growth in the BRICS countries during the period 2000-2021. Economic growth is measured by GDP per capita, while per capita health expenditure serves as the principal explanatory variable. Consistent with the framework of endogenous...

This paper analyzes convergence of per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Balkan NUTS3 regions to average GDP of the EU27. Employing stochastic and β-convergence approaches, we find strong evidence supporting convergence across the panel, indicating a robust catch-up trend of the Balkans...

The question of fiscal sustainability of countries has become one of the central topics in economic policy, especially in times of increasing public debts. One way to assess fiscal sustainability is to examine compliance with the intertemporal budget constraint, which involves testing the...

This paper illustrates the importance of accounting for cross-correlations among panel data sets in examining stationarity. Strazicich et al. (2004) utilized the LM unit root tests with two trend shifts to examine the income convergence among twenty-one OECD countries. We revisit their analysis...

This study investigates how the Global Financial Crisis has affected the weak-form Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) on the stock prices of sixteen nations throughout the globe based on a suite of Fourier unit root tests. Considering the smooth structural breaks, we employed the Fourier-based...

In the changing world, oil continues to be important in energy production. Using monthly data from 1965 to 2022, the permanency of oil consumption fluctuations was investigated. Fourier-based Granger causality tests were used to examine cause-and-effect relationships between variables. Long-term...

This paper analyses the persistence and mean reversion properties of sovereign debt and its components by applying fractional integration methods to long runs of annual data starting in 1831 for the UK and the US, in 1862 for Italy and in 1881 for France and Germany, and ending in all cases in...