The behavior of three graphene-based screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) was explored for the electroanalytical application in estradiol (E2) measurement in water samples. Characterization of the sensor was carried out using cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy. The optimal applied...

Climate change has increased the frequency and severity of extreme climateconditions such as heavy rainstorms and extreme hot weather. This coupled withinadequate urban infrastructure leads to urban pluvial and fluvial flooding which furtherexacerbates water security in cities. In this context,...

Understanding the supercooled water behavior in different circumstances is essential and provides the foundation to apply. The behaviors of supercooled water in nanoslit weren’t studied yet, though these of supercooled bulk water were studied about two decades ago. Here molecular dynamics...

Water is of central importance for reaching the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. With predictions of dire global water scarcity, attention is turning to resources that are considered to be unconventional, and hence called Unconventional Water Resources (UWRs). These...

During the past several decades, many countries have achieved significant progress on environmental issues such as water pollution through the increased stringency of their water policies. While a few studies have examined the stringency of overall environmental policy and its impacts on...

A comprehensive water resources management is a must for stabilising, enticing, and revitalising the agriculture sector. It is a permanent solution to all agriculture sector problems.The main objectives of water resources management is 1. To supply water for 35 crore acres of agriculture land...

The growing water deficit in transboundary river basins of Central Asia determines the need to develop water facilities, promote water saving and ensure sound water management in all sectors of the economy, which requires significant long-term investment. To achieve sustainable development of...

This study analyses a complex social-ecological system (SES), the case of competition for groundwater in Azraq, in the light of the 2030 Agenda. Building on the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework (IAD) and the concept of Networks of Adjacent Action Situations (NAAS) it assess the...

The global freshwater crisis has prompted the development of innovative methods to assess the sustainability of water resources around the world. In the last decade, the concept of water sustainability has evolved, giving rise to a more advanced measure of societies’ capacity to safeguard...

The design of effective market institutions for allocation of water among competing uses remains an economic challenge both at a theoretical and practical level. The public good characteristic of instream flows adds another layer of externality which complicates transfers between consumptive and...

This paper studies how in utero exposure to a large-scale climate adaptation program affects birth outcomes. The program built around one million cisterns in Brazil's poorest and driest region to promote small-scale decentralized rainfall harvesting. Access to cisterns during early pregnancy...

The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) outlines an integrated framework for water management. The major objective of the WFD is that member states should achieve at least good ecological status of all national waters. This ambitious target can only be achieved with efficient water management...

Water is an increasingly scarce resource. It is often distributed such that consumers do not face any marginal cost of consumption, creating a common pool problem. For instance, tenants in multi-family buildings can often consume both hot and cold water at zero marginal cost. Using...

The newly launched water futures market faces a serious illiquidity problem with scarce trading volume. We examine the causes of the illiquidity based on the futures contract design literature and empirical analysis of spot water markets in the western United States. The primary cause of...

Involving in the services infrastructure engineering on both design and project management within the public domain is another interesting topic to discuss, which is the author's philosophical adventure during the stint of development in the country for more than decades. However, infrastructure...

In the United States the idea that household water for drinking and basic hygiene is a constitutional right has seldom been embraced. The U.S. Constitution does not directly mention water. The United States even abstained from the United Nations vote to recognize an international human right to...

We use a panel of OECD countries to gauge the relevance of the relative size of the youth population, labour market institutions and macroeconomic shocks at explaining observed relative youth unemployment rates. We find that the fluctuations of the youth population size caused by the baby boom...

The United States, among the wealthiest and most prosperous nations in the world, regularly fails to provide clean, potable water to many of its citizens. Recent water crises are occurring within communities categorized as Geographically Disadvantaged Spaces (“GDS”), which often encompass...

China is using Tibetan waters as an instrument for strengthening supremacy in the disputed territories. The country is often accused of harming its downstream neighbours through its water management policies, such as the construction of dams for hydropower. Moreover, China has no water treaties...

El presente documento examina los desafíos hídricos que la región de América Latina y el Caribe enfrenta para el cumplimiento del Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) 6 de garantizar la disponibilidad de agua y su gestión sostenible y saneamiento para todos. Utiliza como contexto de...

La adopción del enfoque del Nexo entre agua, energía y alimentación, se plantea como una estrategia sólida para apoyar la gobernanza de los recursos naturales y así lograr una sostenibilidad económica, social y ambiental. Sin embargo, cada país presenta características únicas en cuanto...

El enfoque del Nexo es un modelo de actuación o diseño de políticas, planes, programas o proyectos que analiza las interrelaciones clave entre el agua, la energía y la alimentación y cuya premisa principal es que las acciones enfocadas en cada uno de estos sectores impactan sobre los...

This chapter explores the relationship between water and the social pillar of sustainable development as embodied in the notions of water justice and the human right to water. In light of the unique social, environmental, and economic significance of water and its indispensability to human...

This Briefing Paper presents one of six analyses of cross-sectoral coordination challenges that were conducted as part of the STEER research project and on which separate Briefing Papers are available. South Africa’s water legislation is internationally recognised for its ambitious...

This paper constitutes one of six analyses of cross-sectoral challenges in water governance. These have been conducted as part of the STEER research project and results are published in separate analyses and position papers. While the agricultural sector and food industry of the region of...

Diese Veröffentlichung stellt eine von sechs Analysen sektorenübergreifender Herausforderungen für Wasser-Governance dar, die als Teil des STEER-Forschungsprojekts durchgeführt wurden und deren Resultate in separaten Analysen und Stellungnahmen vorliegen. Wenngleich die Land- und...

This chapter discusses infrastructure development in the Philippines under decentralization using illustrations mainly in the water sector. It opens up a study of the constraints and challenges in governance and regulation that local government units (LGUs) face in narrowing down the...

This Briefing Paper presents one of six analyses of cross-sectoral coordination challenges that were conducted as part of the STEER research project and on which separate Briefing Papers are available. The extraction of minerals and metals comes with a large water footprint, both in terms of...

Brazil made significant progress in managing water resources since the adoption of the National Water Law in 1997 and the creation of the National Water and Sanitation Agency (ANA) in 2000. Nevertheless, water security challenges persist and will be aggravated by megatrends such as climate...