The author believes that the American hegemonic order is withdrawing as a world order, but this does not mean that the United States will not be regarded as the world's largest power in the future, but that hegemony as an order is withdrawing . In the real world, both countries and individuals...

The institutions that have sustained global economic cooperation for the past 75 years are under threat. Despite admonitions that global peace and prosperity are at risk, policymakers in important countries have ignored the rules of the multilateral order and moved down the path of unilateralism...

In recent years we have witnessed the crisis in the multilateral trading system, primarily because of the inability of the Doha Development Agenda to produce results after 17 years of negotiations. The reasons are complex large number of participants in these negotiations which complicates...

I explore whether the world trading system of the twentieth century can be adapted to address the challenges of the twenty-first. I first develop an understanding of how GATT functioned during the twentieth century, and which features of the economic environment were most important in...

This paper discusses the need to recognise the evolving purpose of policy space for developing and developed countries in a changing global economic system. This paper examines the changes in rules and regulations in the global economic system, as well as the rise of Global Value Chains (GVCs),...

President Trump is widely seen as instigating a dramatic reversal of 70 years of US trade policy and abdicating the American hegemon’s traditional leadership role in the multilateral trading system. Trump has threatened to withdraw the US from the WTO, abandoned trade multilateralism for...

The IMF responded forcefully to the end of the par value system in 1971 by amending its Articles of Agreement and changing the scope of its interactions with its member states to better help them manage the challenges of a market based international monetary system. In addition to focusing on...

The process of globalization is an international economic order which has led to the progressive integration of the world economy through the pulling the barrier of trade and greater mobility of factors of production. In addition the technological innovation also provides impetus to the...

Following the 2020 United States presidential election, economists have high hopes for the president-elect, Mr. Joseph Biden, and for the next US administration. The hopes are especially for the potential changes in the global trade architecture.There are quite a few outstanding issues in the...

The aim of this research is to examine the legitimacy of global economic governance and clarify to what extent the convergence of interests among state actors and non-state actors enhances the effectiveness of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The strengthened legitimacy of global economic...

Modern globalization's public goods (provided for the world economy as a whole and which include free flows of trade and factors of production across frontiers, stable rates of exchange, the containment of warfare and mercantilism, the preservation of the environment and latterly the protection...

The Corona pandemic exposes the strengths and weaknesses of the European Union (EU) as well as the differences in the resilience of the European economies. This study therefore looks at how the EU and its member states can emerge stronger and more competitive from the crisis. The ideas of the...

Die Corona-Pandemie legt die Stärken und Schwächen der Europäischen Union (EU) bloß und verdeutlicht die Unterschiede in der Leistungs- und Widerstandsfähigkeit der europäischen Volkswirtschaften. Die vorliegende Studie widmet sich daher der Frage, wie die EU gestärkt und mit höherer...

Die Corona-Pandemie legt die Stärken und Schwächen der Europäischen Union (EU) bloß und verdeutlicht die Unterschiede in der Leistungs- und Widerstandsfähigkeit der europäischen Volkswirtschaften. Die vorliegende Studie widmet sich daher der Frage, wie die EU gestärkt und mit höherer...

The G20 has emerged as a premier deliberative forum, involving leaders of some of the largest, systematically important countries of the world. Over the years, the G20 agenda has evolved to include pertinent issues for both developed countries and the emerging market economies. After the G20...

The Corona pandemic exposes the strengths and weaknesses of the European Union (EU) as well as the differences in the resilience of the European economies. This study therefore looks at how the EU and its member states can emerge stronger and more competitive from the crisis. The ideas of the...

This chapter, for a book focused on the future of the World Trade Organization, discusses three ways that global economic law and corresponding transnational dispute settlement systems have been constructed across time: via private contracting, inter-state contracting, or through principled...

The coronavirus crisis represents one of the most devastating events of the twenty-first century, and even as the disease shows few signs of abating despite prolonged lockdowns, projections show the worst is yet to come in the form of severe economic hardship. The overall failure of global...

The institutions that have sustained global economic cooperation for the past 75 years are under threat. Despite admonitions that global peace and prosperity are at risk, policymakers in important countries are ignoring the rules of the multilateral order and moving down the path of...

The last two decades of the XX century have been marked by a vigorous acceleration of international economic integration both at a global and regional level. States accepted pervasive constraints on their national decision-making in the hope that stability and predictability would favor economic...

A research project hypothesizing on the future of the world economy based on Eastern theories of international relations and their respective relationship to global financial markets and various spheres of political influence through the United States and Asia. Comprised mostly of a few...

For more than seven decades, the multilateral trading system has played an essential role in promoting international cooperation on trade policymaking and dispute resolution. As the WTO is being pushed toward the verge of irrelevance, it falls upon us, who believe in the utility of the WTO and...

Shifting geopolitical sands: competition, cooperation or conflict? The 50th anniversary of the World Economic Forum coincides with a period of profound global change. These events prompted the Forum to draw on its network of diverse experts - heads of leading global think tanks and research...

"In Unravelling the Social Formation: Free Trade, the State and Business Associations in Turkey, Akif Avci examines the role of business associations and the state in Turkey in analysing the dialectical relationship between global free trade and Turkish social formation since 2002. The...

This book discusses the social and economic problems currently faced by Brazil as one of the largest "emerging countries". It examines the prospects of Brazilian development from an interdisciplinary perspective, and studies both socio-economic and political variables. The book embraces the...

"This book analyses the importance of the G20 to India, its role so far, and how it can leverage its presidency year to be an influential author of new global rules. In 2023, India will be the President of the G20 Summit, the world's most influential multilateral economic forum. For countries...

Die Coronakrise hat es wieder heraufbeschworen: das Inflationsgespenst. Es geisterte von Beginn an durch die Geldgeschichte, nun ist es zurück – und bringt die Finanzmärkte ins Wanken. Die Niedrigzins-Politik hat die Zentralbanken in eine Sackgasse geführt, aus der sie bei steigender...

The evolution of the international economic order / Chia-Jui Cheng --The WTO legal and dispute settlements systems in time of global governance crises / Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann -- The use and abuse of the national security exception under Article xxi(b)(iii) of the GATT 1994 / Peter L.H. Van den...

"While the birth of global economic governance is conventionally dated to the end of World War II, Jamie Martin shows how its roots lie in World War I and its aftermath. The Meddlers explores the intense political struggles about sovereignty and self-governance provoked by the first attempts to...

History teaches us important lessons, provided we can discern its patterns. Multi-Polar Capitalism applies this insight to the crucial, yet often underappreciated issue of international monetary relations. When international monetary systems get first put into place successfully, such as the...

Introduction / Mher D. Sahakyan -- Eurasia between multipolarity and multilateralism / Heinz Gärtner -- Building a community with a shared future for mankind : the new international vision of the Chinese development model / Yuntian Zheng -- China's digital Silk Road and Eurasian Economic Union...

The epochal shift toward neoliberalism – a web of related policies that, broadly speaking, reduced the footprint of government in society and reassigned economic power to private market forces – that began in the United States and Great Britain in the late 1970s fundamentally changed the...

Part I The Background to the Russo-Ukrainian War and Contextual Factors -- 1 Beginnings of the Russo-Ukrainian War -- 2 Turning Points in the Russo-Ukrainian War -- 3 The West and Russia: Frozen Relations Between the UK and Russia for Decades -- 4 Energy Perspectives -- Part II The Implications...