The global economy, dominated by the consequences of a disastrous health crisis and international tensions, needs policy support to regain its growth dynamic. To regain an inclusive and sustainable growth dynamic, structural policies of governments are needed to allow a reallocation of resources...

The Chinese economy upheld a frail recovery in 2022 under the triple superposition of contraction of demand, disruption in supply, and weakening expectations, aggravated by unanticipated adverse shocks in the midst of global turmoil. Over the year, rising income uncertainty set off by the...

Kyrgyzstan economy have undergone transition from a different economic system in the 1990s until now. For stimulating a diversified long-run growth in Kyrgyzstan, the region needs to overcome spatial fragmentation by integrating the regions for economic development translating into national...

This paper analyzes Japan's 1993 general election and the impact it had on the political culture of the nation. The paper begins by analyzing the dominance and corruption of the Japanese Liberal Democratic Party prior to the election, before explaining the factors behind the electoral victory of...

The mainstream analytical methods of modern economics, such as the Solow model, impose a limitation on the historical interpretation of sources and the future projection of economic growth potential in a transitional country like China, as the model assumes scenarios that are inconsistent with...

Until 2013, Ukraine’s record in reforming its economy and state was not impressive. The late start of reforms in the 1990s and their chaotic implementation led to macroeconomic and financial crises in 1993, 1998-99, 2008-09, and 2014-15, and the building of powerful oligarchic groups. The...

The city-state of Singapore is a rare case of market autocracy. The government systematically suppresses political dissent through its courts and legislature, and political power is concentrated almost entirely in the hands of a small governing body: the Cabinet of Ministers. At the same time,...

Amalgamation reforms have been extensively implemented in several countries as policy instruments to improve local government service provision and reduce costs based on scale economies. However, their effectiveness has proved ambiguous in practice. We investigate the impact of a substantial...

Policymakers across the world are striving to tackle the century-defining challenge of climate change without undermining potential growth. This paper examines the impact of structural reforms in the energy sector (electricity and gas) on enviromental outcomes and green growth indicators in a...

The unprecedented rise of China in the aftermath of the Cold era now entered a new dimension of geopolitical realm where the Trilateral order that emerged after the Crimean crisis in 2014 now again descended into bipolar amplifying the influence of Beijing over the kremlin which reached to the...

Why are perennially entrenched institutions so hard to reform? This paper proposes a theory of institutional rebound when implementing difficult changes. It untangles reforms in China's state-owned enterprises, which aimed to break the three "iron institutions" in leadership (iron chair),...

One of the important reforms for state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China is to remove policy burdens. However, there are few papers that empirically discuss the economic benefits and potential mechanisms of this policy. This paper uses the separation of “Heating, Power, Water, and Estate”...

Amalgamation reforms have been extensively implemented in several countries as policy instruments to improve local government service provision and reduce costs based on scale economies. However, their effectiveness has proved ambiguous in practice. We investigate the impact of a substantial...

(Korean Abstract) 본 연구는 김정은 위원장 집권 10년을 정권 승계기(2011년 12월~2012년), 집권 1기(2013~17년), 집권 2기 (2018~21년)로 구분하여 각 집권 시기별로 북한이 추진하였던 대외정책의 특징을 규명하고, 이를 바탕으로...

Starting from the 3rd Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, held in November 2013, China initiated another round of state-owned enterprise (SOE) reform. This study examines policy documents, analyzes pilot SOEs, and conducts an empirical study using a...

Since 1978, the effects of China's state-owned enterprise reform have received extensive attention, but the causal relationship between reform measures and profitability has rarely been verified. This study investigates the impact of China's ongoing mixed-ownership reform on state-owned...

If North Korea's economic transformation has been largely informal and contested at the level of the state, to what extent is North Korea's economic transformation reflected in North Korean economic research? In this article, we analyze a dataset of North Korean domestic journal articles on...

This article provides a detailed analysis of China's ongoing struggle against poverty. In addition to discussing the recently concluded targeted poverty alleviation program, in which the CPC-led government achieved its goal of ending extreme poverty, the author discusses the anti-poverty...

An extensive program of economic liberalization reforms, even when it generates positive outcomes, does not automatically generate support for further reforms. Societies respond with strong support only after experiencing the effects of reversing these reforms (i.e. corruption, inequality of...

Uzbekistan is one of the late transition economies. This paper compares the early experience and challenges that Uzbekistan confronts in transitioning its banking system to market principles against the earlier experience with banking transitions from Poland, Russia, and Vietnam, and other...

The Economic Monitor examines four possible factors behind Tunisia's slow recovery. First, the drop in mobility related to the pandemic may have been more harmful in Tunisia. However, mobility in Tunisia has dropped to a similar extent as other countries and it has now returned to pre-pandemic...

Australia’s merger control regime recently returned to spotlight following recent statements by Chair of Australia’s Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC), Rod Sims, that Australia’s current merger laws are ‘failing to adequately protect competition’. This note provides an...

China has been a dual system country for a particularly long cycle, and its system transition is characterized by different stages, sequences, and incremental reforms. The analysis of China’s economy requires not only the innovation of new structural development economics but also the analytic...

The market-oriented reforms boost economic take-off in China, but the lag of the factor market still leads to many disadvantages where the factor market distortion is a stylized fact. There is rarely direct evidence showing whether market-oriented reform can spur industrial green development...

The Supreme Court held in Mitchell v. Forsyth that defendants have a right to immediately appeal from the denial of immunity. This right to appeal alone is enough to halt any progress in civil-rights litigation and add complexity to a case, and defendants can use these appeals to to wear down...

For a long time, a key condition for Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA) to entry into force was the implementation of the European Court for Human Rights (ECtHR) in the case of Sejdić-Finci v Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) and Zornić v B&H. According to the judgment of the ECtHR, the...

Since the early 2000s, many Indian states started reforming their agricultural marketing policies and allowed private traders to buy directly from farmers outside the state-regulated market system. The experience of these states during the period 2000 - 2012 can shed light on the impact of...

Unlike most cross-country growth analyses, we focus on turning points in growth performance. We look for instances of rapid acceleration in economic growth that are sustained for at least eight years and identify more than 80 such episodes since the 1950s. Growth accelerations tend to be...

We study the reform of China’s state-owned enterprises (SOE) with a focus on the corporatization of SOEs. We first document the empirical patterns of the "grasp the large and let go of the small" policy. To quantify the implications of the reform for aggregate output and TFP, we build a...

Moscow’s decision on 24 February 2022 to invade Ukraine constituted a culmination in the militarisation trajectory of Russian foreign policy since 2008. At the same time, the war has exposed the weaknesses of the military reform launched by Moscow in 2008. The high losses of the country’s...

Purpose The aim of this paper is reviewing the discipline development course of the history of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics and recognising the changes of its development and its historic mission in the new stage will be beneficial to the construction of socialist...

Purpose The socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics is the scientific fruit of Xi Jinping thought on socialist economy with Chinese characteristics for a new era. People-centred philosophy is the core values of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee's governance of...

Purpose Some economic theories have influenced the reform of the socialist open economy with Chinese characteristics. As a new practice of socialism, an open economy is not only driven by China's productivity level and people's living standards but also regulated by the law of commodity...

Serbia needs to transition to a greener growth model for internal and external reasons. Internally, Serbia's economy is still characterized by low energy and resource productivity, with significant impacts on health and the environment. As a candidate country for EU membership, Serbia also needs...