We explore the role of financial and pension information in increasing women's knowledge and awareness of their future pension status, and consequently, in reducing the gender pension gap. A representative sample of 1249 Italian working women were interviewed to assess their knowledge about...

Economic growth in emerging market economies has come hand-in-hand with growing demand for energy, with many of them meeting this higher demand by increased use of coal to fuel electricity generation. This paper examines the impact of pollution generated by coal fueled power units on the anemic...

Women are more likely than men to work in the informal sector and to drop out of the labor force for a time, such as after childbirth, and to be impeded by social norms from working in the formal sector. This work pattern undermines productivity, increases women's vulnerability to income shocks,...

The Philippines, being prone to natural calamities and vulnerable to economic fluctuations, has much to accomplish in terms of improving its population's access to social protection. A focus on women's access is crucial in the light of their significantly lower labor force participation rate...

Historically, in most countries, the accounting profession has always been male-dominated. Liberal professions such as lawyers, engineers, architects and doctors share the common trait of conservatism. The accounting profession, which is also a liberal profession, is no exception. Starting from...

Die Frauenanteile in den Spitzengremien großer Unternehmen in Deutschland sind im vergangenen Jahr weiter gestiegen. In den 200 umsatzstärksten Unternehmen gab es im vierten Quartal des Jahres 2020 mit 101 Vorständinnen sieben mehr als ein Jahr zuvor. Hier wie auch in einigen anderen...

Der Frauenanteil in Aufsichtsräten großer Unternehmen in Deutschland ist in den vergangenen Jahren gestiegen. Wie dieser zweite Teil des DIW Managerinnen-Barometers 2021 zeigt, wirkt sich das deutlich positiv auf die Interaktion, Diskussion und Entscheidungsfindung in den Kontrollgremien...

While global economies are in a tremendous need for talented workers that could fill vacancies in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields, available evidence shows that highly skilled migrants with a background in these fields are not protected from brain waste and...

Die Frauenanteile in den Spitzengremien großer Unternehmen in Deutschland sind im vergangenen Jahr weiter gestiegen. In den 200 umsatzstärksten Unternehmen gab es im vierten Quartal des Jahres 2020 mit 101 Vorständinnen sieben mehr als ein Jahr zuvor. Hier wie auch in einigen anderen...

Der Frauenanteil in Aufsichtsräten großer Unternehmen in Deutschland ist in den vergangenen Jahren gestiegen. Wie dieser zweite Teil des DIW Managerinnen-Barometers 2021 zeigt, wirkt sich das deutlich positiv auf die Interaktion, Diskussion und Entscheidungsfindung in den Kontrollgremien...

The literature on gender diversity in boards of directors has expanded significantly in recent years, due to the fact that women are increasingly holding higher management positions within the company hierarchy, clearly demonstrating that certain characteristics of women have a positive impact...

We deliver one month's average profit to a randomly selected group of female microenterprise owners in the Kenyan slum of Dandora, just preceding with the exponential growth of COVID-19 cases. Firm profit, inventory spending, and food expenditures all increase. The transfers simultaneously cause...

The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the potential of social protection programs in mitigating labor market shocks. We examine the role of one of the world's largest employment guarantee schemes, India's MG-NREGA, in cushioning job losses in one of the worst affected economies due to the...

Populations become increasingly feminized with age. Since older women are more vulnerable to poverty, they may find it more difficult than men to access health care. This study examines factors that may constrain older persons in Southeast Asia from meeting their health-care needs when sick. Our...

Using data from the 2011 and 2016 Life in Kyrgyzstan surveys, we examine Kyrgyz women's labour supply elasticities at the extensive margin. We use Heckman's two-step approach to predict earnings for the non-participating women and then use these predictions to estimate the participation...

Over the past years, the proportion of women on the supervisory boards of major companies in Germany has increased. As this second report in the DIW Women Executives Barometer 2021 shows, this has a meaningful, positive impact on the supervisory boards of many companies, and affects interactions...

The proportion of women on the boards of large companies in Germany continued to increase during 2020. In the fourth quarter of 2020, there were 101 female executive board members in the 200 largest companies, seven more than in 2019. However, growth was slow, as it was in some of the other...

Regional Trade agreements (RTAs) are sometimes considered as laboratories in which new types of provisions are negotiated to address recent trade-related issues. Although the inclusion of gender-related provisions in RTAs is not a recent phenomenon, only a limited but increasing number of RTAs...

Regional Trade agreements (RTAs) are sometimes considered as laboratories in which new types of provisions are negotiated to address recent trade-related issues. Although the inclusion of gender-related provisions in RTAs is not a recent phenomenon, only a limited but increasing number of RTAs...

Using fixed effects models and longitudinal data from the British Household Panels Surveys (BHPS) and the follow-up study “Understanding Society” (UKHLS), the current study examines the impact of change in employment status and working conditions on gender role attitudes by simultaneously...

The share of women on executive boards of large companies in Germany has increased somewhat more strongly than in previous years. The top 200 companies reached the ten percent mark for the first time: women held 14 more board positions than in the previous year, 94 out of 907. Growth was also...

The statutory gender quota for supervisory boards is effective: the proportion of women on supervisory boards has increased over the past years, especially in the companies subject to the quota. But is the quota creating trickle-down effects for executive boards? As the second part of the DIW...

Die Frauenanteile in den Vorständen großer Unternehmen in Deutschland sind im vergangenen Jahr etwas stärker gestiegen als in den Jahren zuvor. Die 200 umsatzstärksten Unternehmen knackten erstmals die Zehn-Prozent-Marke: 14 Vorstandsposten mehr als noch im Jahr zuvor - nämlich 94 von 907 -...

Die verbindliche Geschlechterquote für Aufsichtsräte wirkt: Insbesondere in den an sie gebundenen Unternehmen ist der Frauenanteil im Kontrollgremium in den vergangenen Jahren deutlich gestiegen. Doch wie sieht es mit der erhofften Strahlkraft der Quote auf die Vorstände aus? Dieser Bericht...

Generous government-mandated parental leave is generally viewed as an effective policy to support women’s careers around childbirth. But does it help women to reach top positions in the upper pay echelon of their firms? Using longitudinal employer-employee matched data for the entire Norwegian...

Rates of labor force participation in the US in the second half of the nineteenth century among free women were exceedingly (and implausibly) low, about 11 percent. This is due, in part, to social perceptions of working women, cultural and societal expectations of female’s role, and lack of...

Generous government-mandated parental leave is generally viewed as an effective policy to support women's careers around childbirth. But does it help women to reach top positions in the upper pay echelon of their firms? Using longitudinal employer-employee matched data for the entire Norwegian...

Rates of labor force participation in the US in the second half of the nineteenth century among free women were exceedingly (and implausibly) low, about 11 percent. This is due, in part, to social perceptions of working women, cultural and societal expectations of female's role, and lack of...

Economic growth in emerging market economies has come hand-in-hand with growing demand for energy, with many of them meeting this higher demand by increased use of coal to fuel electricity generation. This paper examines the impact of pollution generated by coal fueled power units on the anemic...

We explore the role of financial and pension information in increasing women's knowledge and awareness of their future pension status, and consequently, in reducing the gender pension gap. A representative sample of 1249 Italian working women were interviewed to assess their knowledge about...

This paper looks at the extent of labour market mismatch of public-sector female employees. It contributes to earlier findings for the British labour market by taking into account the endogenous self-selection into jobs. Estimates are based on data from the British Household Panel Study and the...

This paper studies foreign direct investment (FDI) spillovers on gender labor market practices of domestic firms, based on a unique firm-to-firm dataset of Bangladesh's textiles and garment sectors. We look at the female employment of domestic firms that are directly and indirectly related to...

We explore the role of financial and pension information in increasing women's knowledge and awareness of their future pension status, and consequently, in reducing the gender pension gap. A representative sample of 1249 Italian working women were interviewed to assess their knowledge about...

Context: Vocational training is viewed as a significant tool that increases employment outcomes and provides potential career advancement opportunities for individuals. Many countries are witnessing a shift from supply-driven to demand-driven approaches. The demand-driven approach in vocational...

This paper addresses the question to what extent the association between partners' earnings matters for inequality between couples. First, we organize the existing literature to explain why studies come to a large variety of conclusions despite using, on occasions, the same data. Second, we use...

Whether cash transfers have unintended behavioural effects on the recipient household's labour supply is of considerable policy interest. We examine the 'intent to treat effect' of the Indira Gandhi National Old-Age Pension Scheme on prime-age women's labour supply decisions in India, where...

The article is focused on the study of gender equality issues as a necessary factor in the economic growth of the state. The work notes that the economic growth is traditionally considered as an important quantitative characteristic of the development in a country’s economic system, but this...

The share of women on executive boards of large companies in Germany has increased somewhat more strongly than in previous years. The top 200 companies reached the ten percent mark for the first time: women held 14 more board positions than in the previous year, 94 out of 907. Growth was also...

The statutory gender quota for supervisory boards is effective: the proportion of women on supervisory boards has increased over the past years, especially in the companies subject to the quota. But is the quota creating trickle-down effects for executive boards? As the second part of the DIW...

Die Frauenanteile in den Vorständen großer Unternehmen in Deutschland sind im vergangenen Jahr etwas stärker gestiegen als in den Jahren zuvor. Die 200 umsatzstärksten Unternehmen knackten erstmals die Zehn-Prozent-Marke: 14 Vorstandsposten mehr als noch im Jahr zuvor - nämlich 94 von 907 -...

Die verbindliche Geschlechterquote für Aufsichtsräte wirkt: Insbesondere in den an sie gebundenen Unternehmen ist der Frauenanteil im Kontrollgremium in den vergangenen Jahren deutlich gestiegen. Doch wie sieht es mit der erhofften Strahlkraft der Quote auf die Vorstände aus? Dieser Bericht...

Limited access to finance is one of the major barriers for women entrepreneurs in Africa. This paper presents a model of start-ups in which firms' sales and profits depend on their productivity and access to credit. However, due to the lack of collateral assets such as land, female entrepreneurs...