Literature on rebel governance has examined various ways in which rebels engage with civilians, build informal governing institutions, and exert social control during civil war. When rebels win, how does rebel governance affect post-war politics? This paper explores how varieties of insecurity...

There is a wealth of literature that describes and theorizes about the practices of economic and financial crime in the Global North and South, but little research has been done to explore the perspectives of other stakeholders on the growing trend of these crimes and the efficacy of the...

Zimbabwe's economy experienced significant volatility in recent years, with strong post-pandemic growth driven by agriculture, mining, and remittance-fueled services. However, an El Niño-induced drought severely impacted agricultural production and electricity generation, causing a slowdown and...

In February 2025, an assessment was undertaken of the data quality of the public sector debt statistics (PSDS) of the Republic of Zimbabwe against the IMF's Data Quality Assessment Framework (DQAF) for PSDS. The assessment was undertaken as part of a project to strengthen the quality of public...

This report discusses the findings and recommendations of the 2025 assessment of the data quality of the public debt statistics of Zimbabwe against the IMF's Data Quality Assessment Framework (DQAF). The assessment was undertaken as part of a project to strengthen the quality of public sector...

Girls and young women in Sub-Saharan Africa face multiple, inter-related challenges. In Zimbabwe, the odds are stacked against too many girls from an early age. The survey explores the aspirations and challenges faced by girls and young women aged 15 to 35, revealing that while eighty percent...

Exchange rate volatility has emerged to be one of the most critical determinants of price stability for countries operating in multicurrency systems with their own currency in the basket of currencies. This study empirically examined the impact of exchange rates (official and parallel market...

Literature on rebel governance has examined various ways in which rebels engage with civilians, build informal governing institutions, and exert social control during civil war. When rebels win, how does rebel governance affect post-war politics? This paper explores how varieties of insecurity...

This disaster risk finance (DFR) diagnostic was prepared by the World Bank Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice in response to a request from the Government of Zimbabwe (GoZ) for a study to assess the institutional, legal, and financial planning for financing of disaster risk...

Zimbabwe's impressive recovery since the 2019-20 COVID-19 recession has been slowed by the 2024 El-Niño-related drought. The fiscal deficit is projected to have fallen to below 3 percent in 2024. Challenges to finance the deficit persist, which has also put pressure on the newly introduced ZiG...

How can Zimbabwe create the necessary fiscal space to absorb quasi-fiscal expenditures, reverse its upward trend in public debt, and support macroeconomic stability? Zimbabwe is faced with an unsustainable and growing stock of public debt. To service this debt, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ)...

This paper uses a multi-methodological approach to measure the fiscal costs of monetary and exchange rate policy distortions in Zimbabwe. It identifies three channels through which these policy distortions affect tax revenue: the Olivera-Tanzi Effect (inflation-related tax payment lags), an...

Improving domestic revenue mobilization extremely important for Zimbabwe to create the fiscal space to absorb quasi-fiscal expenditures and support macroeconomic stability. In November 2023, Zimbabwe announced measures to raise additional tax revenue. This included limiting value-added tax (VAT)...

In the face of unprecedented climate change, adaptation has emerged as important for communities and nations to deal with the devastating effects of the phenomenon. It is inevitable that communities must adapt, although evidence in several regions, including Zimbabwe also point towards...

This explorative study analyses how the use of tax expenditures affects the fiscal contract in Zimbabwe by focusing on special economic zones (SEZs) in the mining sector. SEZs combine a variety of business-related tax expenditures. Governments use them to attract investment, boost exports,...

Financial institutions, researchers, and policymakers are taking steps to promote financial inclusion, a crucial aspect for social and economic development. This study explores the extent of financial inclusion (FI) in Zimbabwe's commercial banks. This study employed a mixed-methods approach. A...

The availability of bank loans is a vital component in determining the investment and spending patterns that influence economic growth. This article examines the threshold effect of loan growth on non-performing loans (NPLs) in the Zimbabwean banking industry during dollarization. The study...

The study aims to investigate the challenges faced by smallholder maize farmers and identify the pivotal factors influencing the adoption of ICTs in agriculture. A blend of descriptive and probit regression analytical techniques is applied by analyzing cross-sectional survey data from a selected...

The paper proposes a novel framework for digitalising tax revenue for the Zimbabwe's informal economic sphere. The study addresses the pressing chalelnge of informal economy taxation, indetifying the absence of a modern (or contemporary) tax framework as a critical catalyst for this study. The...

This study seeks to analyze the impact of land reform on the export performance of tobacco, since the cash crop is a major foreign currency earner for Zimbabwe. A gravity model was adopted for the study using secondary panel data from 1992 to 2018. The findings show that 17.2% of the explanatory...

Factors influencing the resilience of rural agricultural and retail Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) in Zimbabwe have received less research focus. To addresses this gap in the literature, this article analyzes factors influencing the resilience of rural agricultural and retail MSMEs....

Building and maintaining brand loyalty is crucial for every organisation in such competitive business environment and organisations in the hospitality industry are not spared. Hotels have made many efforts on branding to gain brand loyalty from their customers and recently they have carried...

Supplier development in the form of contract farming has become the main sourcing strategy in agro-processing industry. However, it is not yet clear from the extant literature how investments in contract farming contribute towards yield per yield. More specifically, this study sought to...

In Zimbabwe, partnerships with tourism companies enable schools to raise funds for infrastructure in exchange for allowing tourists to enter their school. This paper reports on one school using semi-structured interviews with teachers, school staff and tourism personnel. To shed light on the...

Zimbabwe introduced the Zimbabwe Gold in April 2024, replacing the Zimbabwe dollar. In accordance with IMF Article IV, Section 2(a), regarding the obligations of members to notify the Fund of their exchange arrangements, Zimbabwe informed the Fund on April 29, 2024 of the introduction of a new...

As a follow-up to the 2019 FSSR, a hybrid remote TA mission supported the RBZ on finalizing the implementation of Basel III liquidity framework, with a particular focus on the NSFR. The mission reviewed the drafts of the NSFR regulation and the template for prudential reporting, supported the...

The World Bank Group's Country Climate and Development Reports (CCDRs) are a core diagnostic that integrates climate change and development. They help countries prioritize the most impactful actions that can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and boost adaptation and resilience, while...

The aim of this report is to gather evidence that will identify priorities and actions by stakeholders towards positively influencing, up scaling and accelerating gender equality and women's empowerment in Zimbabwe. The report consolidates information on gender gaps and drivers of inequality in...

A severe drought is currently affecting southern Africa and the Zambezi basin, with extremely dry and warm conditions from October 2023 to March 2024. Heatwaves are exacerbating the impacts of the lack of precipitation. The average temperature is abnormally high, registering record values since...

The study assessed the effect of supply chain risks and organisational competitiveness in corporate timber manufacturing companies in Mutare metropolitan region, Zimbabwe. The study was guided by the resource-based theory and a positivist philosophy. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was...

The study aims to investigate the challenges faced by smallholder maize farmers and identify the pivotal factors influencing the adoption of ICTs in agriculture. A blend of descriptive and probit regression analytical techniques is applied by analyzing cross-sectional survey data from a selected...

This study seeks to analyze the impact of land reform on the export performance of tobacco, since the cash crop is a major foreign currency earner for Zimbabwe. A gravity model was adopted for the study using secondary panel data from 1992 to 2018. The findings show that 17.2% of the explanatory...

The study investigates the determinants of tax revenue in Zimbabwe using the ARDL approach for the period 1980 to 2022. This study aims to offer a thorough summary of the different factors that influence tax revenue within the framework of economic and social factors. The variables included in...

This paper investigates the effects of cost efficiency on non-performing loans (NPLs) in Zim-babwe during dollarisation. The research applies the random effects and bootstrap quantile regression models using the full dollarisation era dataset for 13 banks from 2009 to 2017. The obtained results...

The purpose of the study was to establish the extent to which brand consciousness and brand distinctiveness influence customer purchase decisions. The thrust was on interrogating whether there were any symbiotic relations between luxury beauty products’ brand consciousness, brand...