This research investigated the behavior related to compliance with information security policy in the Yemeni banking sector by using the protection motivation theory (PMT). While PMT has been a prominent framework in understanding information security compliance, previous research has produced...

In this study, we analyzed the role of accounting information security control in influencing the internal control's effectiveness in Vietnamese enterprises, using a combination of quantitative research and qualitative research methods. The qualitative phase of this study involved reviewing...

The extraction of cyber threat intelligence (CTI) from open sources is a rapidly expanding defensive strategy that enhances the resilience of both Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) environments against large-scale cyber-attacks. However, for most organizations,...

Cyber threat detection is a critical challenge in cybersecurity, with numerous existing solutions relying on rule-based systems, supervised learning models, and entropy-based anomaly detection. However, rule-based methods are often limited by their dependence on predefined signatures, making...

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) refers to machines that can create new ideas and generate outputs similar to human cognition. This technology has ushered in a new era, offering remarkable learning capabilities and producing unique results. In this paper, we explore the role of GenAI...

Authoritarian states are increasingly leveraging non-state cyber capabilities to expand their operational reach, thereby challenging conventional distinctions between state and non-state activity. This practice complicates attribution and presents obstacles for coordinated international...

This paper examines the evolving landscape of digital privacy, decentralization and digital assets in the twenty-first century. It explores the transformative impact of those technologies - driven by the exponential growth of semiconductors - in the past decades on the widespread adoption of...

The "Technical Guidance Note on Information Security for Carbon Markets Infrastructure: Tools and Recommendations" is one of five guidance notes prepared by the Carbon Markets Infrastructure Working Group (CMI WG). This note provides practical guidance to strengthen information security across...

In the rapidly evolving digital landscape, integrating blockchain technology into retail banking has emerged as a pivotal strategy for operational efficiency and competitive differentiation. This study employs the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) methodology to explore...

The present report provides anonymised and aggregated information about major telecom security incidents which occurred during 2024. Incident reporting is an important enabler of cybersecurity supervision and a support tool for policymaking at the national and EU levels. In the EU, telecom...

Following decades of US government-led initiatives to open data and to encourage data flows, it came as a shock to many US trade partners when the Biden administration announced in October 2023 that it would withdraw its support for proposals to encourage cross-border free flow of data being...

As governments across the world increasingly undergo digitalisation processes, ensuring cybersecurity of these provisions cannot be 100% guaranteed. How, then, can governments best respond to a cybersecurity crisis in order to bolster cybersecurity in the future? Even Estonia, one of the...

The digitisation of seaports has brought about a significant improvement in efficiency, productivity, and communication within the maritime industry. However, the increasing reliance on technology exposes seaports to cyber threats, constituting significant risk to the economy and national...

Information security has always been and is now one of the priority goals of the modern state, and is also a factor in ensuring its sustainable development. In the current conditions of military aggression of the neighboring state, an important place is occupied by information propaganda, which...

The purpose of this study is to examine how blockchain technology with public-private partnerships (PPPs) can mitigate the challenges in design and deployment of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs). The study employs a quantitative approach, incorporating data from stakeholders through a...

The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a digital revolution that is defining global connections across sectors and people at a rapid pace. This extension of the internet beyond the electronic world transforms sectors and industries irrespective of their locality and core business. At the root...

This technical note and manual (TNM) draws lessons from cybersecurity surveys conducted by the Monetary and Capital Markets Department (MCM) to provide advice to central banks, supervisory authorities and policy makers seeking to strengthen cybersecurity of their financial sectors. The TNM...

In today's fast-paced digital landscape, the importance of human factors in cybersecurity has become increasingly evident yet is often overlooked. This research employs the Delphi method to achieve expert consensus on the managerial actions that enhance cybersecurity by leveraging human factors....

The security of critical ICT infrastructure is very important because it is directly related to the safety and lives of the people, and a successful cyber-attack can cause catastrophic damage. According to Korean laws, all critical ICT infrastructures are required to confirm the implementation...

Cyber risk is recognized by authorities as posing a significant threat to the financial sector and overall financial stability in Peru. With further digitalization expected, authorities have plans to develop a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy for the financial sector. Guided by the G7...

In this handbook, we define a cyber stress test as 'a targeted assessment of the resilience of individual organisations and their ability to withstand and recover from significant cybersecurity incidents, ensuring the provision of critical services, in different risk scenarios.' Stress tests...

Policy makers, risk managers and information security practitioners need up to date and accurate information on the current threat landscape, supported by situational awareness and threat analysis. The EU Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) Cyber Threat Landscape (CTL) reports have been published...

The NIS360 is a new ENISA product that assesses the maturity and criticality of sectors of high criticality under the NIS2 Directive, providing both a comparative overview and a more in-depth analysis of each sector. The NIS360 is designed to assist Member States and national authorities in...

Technology has become a major driver for business, society, and government in the present times. Businesses use technology to monitor their processes, improve their efficiency, and automate routine tasks along with other things while government may use the technology from a different...

We examine how cybercrime impacts victims' risk-taking and returns. The results from our difference-in-differences analysis of a sample of victim and matched non-victim investors on the Ethereum blockchain are in line with prospect theory and suggests that victims increase their long-term total...

This study aims to investigate the key factors influencing the adoption of financial technology among digital immigrants and natives by extending the diffusion of innovation theory. A convenience sampling technique was employed to collect data from 160 digital immigrants and 193 digital natives,...

This article provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art in cyber risk and cyber risk management, focusing on the mathematical models that have been created to help with risk quantification and insurance pricing. We discuss the main ways that cyber risk is measured, starting with...

Digitalisation of health services brings many benefits to patients, including electronic health records, telemedicine, and AI-driven diagnostics. However, healthcare is one of the most targeted sectors by cyber and ransomware attacks. To better protect its healthcare systems and create a safer...

Digitalisation of health services brings many benefits to patients, including electronic health records, telemedicine, and AI-driven diagnostics. However, healthcare is one of the most targeted sectors by cyber and ransomware attacks. To better protect its healthcare systems and create a safer...

This article delves into the transformative impact of blockchain technology on enhancing transaction quality and efficiency. Since the emergence of blockchain alongside Bitcoin in 2008, its decentralised and transparent nature has significantly improved transaction speed, security, and cost...

This study investigates the relationship between cyber risks and dividend policy, as well as how boards, as a governance mechanism, affect the dividend policy under cyber risk. This study collected firm-level financing, corporate governance, and control variables from the Bloomberg database...

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the two determinants of the technology acceptance model (TAM3), perceived ease of use (PEOU), and perceived usefulness (PU) on auditors' intention to adopt and use blockchain technology (BT) in Lebanon. This study also aims to investigate the...