In a dual income tax (DIT) system, labor income is taxed progressively, while capital income is subject to a lower proportional tax. DIT systems were introduced in Sweden, Norway, and Finland in the early 1990s. In the absence of rules restricting capital income distributions, owners of...

In a dual income tax (DIT) system, labor income is taxed progressively, while capital income is subject to a lower proportional tax. DIT systems were introduced in Sweden, Norway, and Finland in the early 1990s. In the absence of rules restricting capital income distributions, owners of...

This study presents an improvement of the King-Fullerton framework for calculating the marginal effective tax rate (METR) for active owners of closely held corporations in a dual income tax system with income splitting rules. The original King and Fullerton model was not modeled to incorporate...

We study the optimal tax system when taxpayers earn different kinds of income by supplying different inputs. Imperfect substitution between inputs allows for general equilibrium effects. We consider any type of cross-base responses to tax changes such as income-shifting. Formalizing the tax...

We study the optimal tax system when taxpayers earn different kinds of income by supplying different inputs. Imperfect substitution between inputs allows for general equilibrium effects. We consider any type of cross-base responses to tax changes such as income-shifting. Formalizing the tax...

Dual income tax systems have become increasingly popular; yet, relatively little is known about the consequences of implementing such tax systems. This paper uses a representative panel of taxpayers from the 1993 Finnish tax reform to measure how overall taxable income and the relative shares of...

The dual income tax combines a progressive tax schedule for labour income with a low flat tax rate on capital income and corporate income. This paper restates the case for the dual income tax and discusses alternative methods of taxing business income under such a tax system, paying special...

The dual income tax provides the self-employed entrepreneur with huge incentives to participate in tax minimizing income shifting to have more of his income taxed as capital income. The Norwegian split model is designed to remove these incentives, but it contains loopholes. The present paper...

This paper provides an efficiency argument in favor of progressive labor income taxation. When the consumer faces a trade-off between investments in financial and human capital, a proportional comprehensive income tax tends to discriminate in favor of human capital investments. This effect is...

Das Modell zeigt auf, wie die von der Politik gewünschte Gleichstellung von Personen- und Kapitalgesellschaften gelingen kann. Um eine steuerliche Gleichbelastung zu erreichen, soll die im Unternehmenssteuerrecht vorgesehene Thesaurierungsrücklage für Personenunternehmen attraktiver gestaltet...

As far as standard measures of income inequality are concerned, the Nordic countries rank among the most equal economies in the world. This paper studies whether and how this picture changes when the focus is on inequality of income composition, meaning the heterogeneity in individuals' factor...

This article explores the notion of tax neutrality and its relationship to the taxation of business structures, especially for Australian small businesses. In particular, it analyses whether the introduction of a dual income tax (DIT) system, as advocated by Pitcher Partners could achieve this....

Small businesses are a critical part of the Australian economy, and over the years a number of tax reforms have been implemented to try to assist them. A potential reform mooted has been for the introduction of a dual income tax (DIT) system. Pitcher Partners (an Australian accounting firm)...

The aim of this paper is to analyze how Spanish taxpayers have responded to the introduction of the dual personal income tax model in 2007. The authors estimate the elasticity of taxable income (ETI) with respect to the marginal net tax rate for different groups of taxpayers by sex, marital...

The aim of this paper is to analyse how Spanish taxpayers responded to the introduction of the dual personal income tax model in 2007. The authors estimate the elasticity of taxable income (ETI) with respect to the marginal net tax rate for different groups of taxpayers by sex, marital status...

This paper surveys and evaluates the corporation tax (CT) systems of the Member States of the European Union on the basis of a comprehensive taxonomy of actual and potential regimes, which have as their base either profits, profits and interest, or economic rents. The current regimes give rise...

The aim of this paper is to study the possible change in the individual behaviour of the Spanish taxpayers about the willingness to declare capital gains, Lock-in effect, as a consequence of variations in the marginal rate. To do this, a two stages model is proposed to analyze which variables...

This paper explores the taxation of corporations in the wider context of capital income taxation. The pros and cons of various income-based and cash-flow forms of corporation tax (CT) are discussed. The paper concludes that the dual income tax (DIT), which taxes all capital income at the...

I analyze the interstate migration patterns of families and the effect of labor force attachment of women on joint migration decisions. I show that as the earned income of spouses become similar, the probability of migration falls substantially. This observation is robust in the sense that 1) it...

A classic dual income tax is a schedular income tax in which capital income (broadly defined, and including corporate income) is taxed at a relatively low flat rate and labor (and unspecified) income is taxed at higher progressive rates. The Nordic countries, in particular Norway, have pioneered...

This paper analyzes the effect of the introduction of a final withholding tax on capital income on the progression of the German income tax. As previous literature shows, even with synthetic income taxation, tax progression was strongest in the middle of the income distribution, and decreased...

In contrast to most Scandinavian countries, Iceland allocates the income of closely held businesses (CHBs) between capital and labor based on administratively set minimum wages rather than an imputed return to book assets. This paper contrasts the relative tax burdens of the current minimum wage...

In contrast to most Scandinavian countries, Iceland allocates the income of closely held businesses (CHBs) between capital and labor based on administratively set minimum wages rather than an imputed return to book assets. This paper contrasts the relative tax burdens of the current minimum wage...

In contrast to most Scandinavian countries, Iceland allocates the income of closely held businesses (CHBs) between capital and labor based on administratively set minimum wages rather than an imputed return to book assets. This paper contrasts the relative tax burdens of the current minimum wage...

Trotz der Steuersenkungen zum Jahresbeginn 2004 und zum Jahresbeginn 2005 gibt es zahlreiche Vorschläge zur Reform der Einkommensteuer. Sie zielen darauf ab, die Steuersätze deutlich zu verringern und die Steuervergünstigungen zu reduzieren oder gar abzuschaffen und letztlich das Steuerrecht...

Diese Dissertation umfasst drei Beiträge zur ökonometrischen Untersuchung der Wirkungen der Besteuerung von Arbeitseinkommen (Taxonometrics). Der erste Beitrag versucht die Frage zu klären, wie die Besteuerung von Arbeits- und Kapitaleinkommen miteinander kompatibel gemacht werden können....

The dual income tax combines a progressive tax on labor income and a lower flat rate tax on income from capital. Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden adopted dual income taxes to address a set of tax challenges that arose in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Although developing countries face much...

The introduction of the 2006 Norwegian shareholder income tax was announced in advance, and it increased top marginal tax rates on individual dividend income from zero to 28 percent. We document strong timing effects on dividend payout on a large panel of non-listed corporations, with a surge of...

In der vorliegenden Studie werden die Aufkommens- und Verteilungswirkungen einer Einführung der Dualen Einkommensteuer mit Hilfe des IAW-Mikrosimulationsmodells abgeschätzt. Dabei werden Verhaltensanpassungen seitens der Steuerpflichtigen berücksichtigt, die sich an den Erkenntnissen der...

Ownership of small businesses can facilitate upward mobility through the income hierarchy and help individuals maintain a place at the higher end of the income distribution hierarchy. This paper compares the positional stability of owners of small businesses with that of wage earners, arguing...

Zum 1. Januar 2009 traten in Deutschland die Regelungen über die so genannte Abgeltungsteuer in Kraft. Sie betreffen in erster Linie private Kapitaleinkünfte. Bereits ein Jahr zuvor wurden Regelungen über die so genannte Thesaurierungsbegünstigung von Gewinneinkünften wirksam. Beide...

Zum 1. Januar 2009 traten in Deutschland die Regelungen über die so genannte Abgeltungsteuer in Kraft. Sie betreffen in erster Linie private Kapitaleinkünfte. Bereits ein Jahr zuvor wurden Regelungen über die so genannte Thesaurierungsbegünstigung von Gewinneinkünften wirksam. Beide...

This paper discusses the principles and practices of dual income taxation in the Nordic countries. The first part of the paper explains the rationale and the historical background for the introduction of the dual income tax and describes the current Nordic tax practices. The second part of the...

Ownership of small businesses can facilitate upward mobility through the income hierarchy and help individuals maintain a place at the higher end of the income distribution hierarchy. This paper compares the positional stability of owners of small businesses with that of wage earners, arguing...

During the early 1990s the Nordic countries undertook a series of sweeping tax reforms. These reforms combined ambitious base-broadening measures with the introduction of the so-called dual income tax which systematically separates the taxation of labour income from the taxation of capital...

Ownership of small businesses can facilitate upward mobility through the income hierarchy and help individuals maintain a place at the higher end of the income distribution hierarchy. This paper compares the positional stability of owners of small businesses with that of wage earners, arguing...

Zum 1. Januar 2009 traten in Deutschland die Regelungen über die so genannte Abgeltungsteuer in Kraft. Sie betreffen in erster Linie private Kapitaleinkünfte. Bereits ein Jahr zuvor wurden Regelungen über die so genannte Thesaurierungsbegünstigung von Gewinneinkünften wirksam. Beide...