Dávila and Goldstein (2023) examine the optimal determination of deposit insurance in the case where bank runs are possible. They provide a small set of sufficient statistics to determine welfare impacts of changes in deposit insurance coverage, and apply their framework using US data from...

The technical note and manual "Sibling Rivalry in the Financial Safety Net," authored by Atilla Arda and Jan Nolte, examines the governance structures essential critical for effective bank resolution and deposit insurance functions. Considering the vulnerabilities exposed during the 2008-09...

I develop a banking model with monopolistic competition to analyze the effect of reserve rate policy on bank insolvency risk, when banks are constrained by a zero lower bound on deposit rates. When binding, the lower bound compresses the solvency relevant deposit spread and causes it to be a...

This paper presents an integrated risk management methodology for measuring and managing the economics, risks, and financial resources/constraints related to deposits and loans in a commercial bank. Within a comprehensive and integrated framework, we develop valuation and risk models for all...

This article critically reviews the 2023 banking crisis with the benefit of two years of hindsight. We highlight seven facts that depart from the standard account of the crisis that has developed. We describe the crisis as a reaction to bank business models that focused on providing banking...

We study the effects of bank transparency on both banks' asset and liquidity risks, and ultimately, on banking sector stability and welfare. We show how enhanced bank transparency increases banks' vulnerability to excessive deposit outflows, but this threat of a liquidity crisis incentivizes...

The results of this paper provide empirical evidence that regulatory capital ratios drive bank Credit Default Swaps (CDS) and that markets react more to changes in capital requirements if implemented via direct adjustments to Pillar 1 risk weights than imposed as a percentage of Risk-Weighted...

We build a balance sheet-based model to capture run risk, i.e., a reduced potential to raise capital from liquidity buffers under stress, driven by depositor scrutiny and further fuelled by fire sales in response to withdrawals. The setup is inspired by the Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) meltdown in...

We build a balance sheet-based model to capture run risk, i.e., a reduced potential to raise capital from liquidity buffers under stress, driven by depositor scrutiny and further fuelled by fire sales in response to withdrawals. The setup is inspired by the Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) meltdown in...

The recent banking turmoil was a stark reminder of the fragility associated with banks' funding structures, especially when they rely on an insufficiently diverse uninsured deposit base. Concerns about unrealised losses, triggered by the rapid shift in monetary policy, played a clear role in the...

Since the March 2023 banking turmoil, a policy debate has emerged concerning the unprecedented scale and speed of the observed deposit outflows. Have recent stress episodes and developments in technology structurally changed depositors' behaviour? Are the Basel III liquidity coverage ratio (LCR)...

We study how deposit competition affects a bank’s decision to securitize mortgages. Exploiting the state-specific removal of deposit market caps across the US as a source of competition, we find a 7.1 percentage point increase in the probability that banks securitize mortgage loans. This...

How a historic drop in bank deposits shapes banks' loan supply? We exploit the effects of a large, and unexpected, increase in monetary policy rates to estimate the deposit channel of monetary policy using an extensive credit register that includes all bank-firm lending relationships in all euro...

We examine how investors' perception of bank balance sheet risk evolved before and during the March-April 2023 bank run. To do so, we estimate the covariance ("beta") of bank excess stock returns with returns on factors constructed from long-short portfolios sorted on shares of uninsured...

We analyze the impact of the announcement of the banking union on stock market returns of euro area banks against the backdrop of three commonly held views of the banking union. We document positive individual abnormal returns for most banks. Abnormal returns are large and positive on average,...

We study bank runs using a novel historical cross-country dataset that covers 184 countries over the past 200 years and combines a new narrative chronology with statistical indicators of bank deposit withdrawals. We document the following facts: (i) the unconditional likelihood of a bank run is...

In 2023, both the US and Europe witnessed banking crises, notably involving Silicon Valley Bank and Credit Suisse. Relevant authorities intervened to prevent contagion, and distressed banks were sold at seemingly deflated prices. We identify three primary factors contributing to elevated profits...

What are the effects of payout restrictions on bank risk-shifting? To answer this question, we exploit the restriction policies imposed during the Covid-crisis on US banks as a natural experiment. Using a highfrequency differences-in-differences empirical strategy, we show that, when share...

Why do banks fail? We create a panel covering most commercial banks from 1865 through 2023 to study the history of failing banks in the United States. Failing banks are characterized by rising asset losses, deteriorating solvency, and an increasing reliance on expensive non-core funding....

Rapid and large deposit outflows from banks have regained attention in the context of the March 2023 demises of Credit Suisse, SVB and other regional US banks. Moreover, the possible introduction of CBDC or a marked success of stablecoins are perceived as additional clouds over the future of...

Last year, at around the same time, two reforms of deposit insurance systems were announced - one in the United States and the other in the European Union. The American proposal of the reform was triggered by the banking crisis of March 2023 (bank runs and failures) and it was put forward by the...

As part of the completion of the European Banking Union, the decision on the organization of institutional and deposit protection is still pending. The mere linking of these two objectives, which are by no means necessarily identical in terms of content, has recently led to heated controversy....

We analyze the effects of (not) bailing out uninsured deposits in a quantitative, general equilibrium model in which firms’ deposits are valued for their safety and uninsured deposits might be bailed out by the government. Although an important fraction of households’ deposits are uninsured,...

We re-examine the role of uninsured depositors through the lens of fundamentals and the idea that uninsured depositors are valuable clients who demand loans. We provide new stylized facts showing that banks with more uninsured deposits --- who experienced greater equity value declines during the...

We re-examine the role of uninsured depositors through the lens of fundamentals and the idea that uninsured depositors are valuable clients who demand loans. We provide new stylized facts showing that banks with more uninsured deposits --- who experienced greater equity value declines during the...

Private tokenised monies that circulate as bearer instruments, like stablecoins, may entail departures in their relative exchange values away from par in violation of the “singleness of money”. In contrast, tokenised deposits that do not circulate as bearer instruments but rather settle in...

Banks' relationships with their depositors are valuable when depositors remain sticky, but this value evaporates if they leave. This tension makes banks fragile when interest rates increase and long-term asset values are depressed. In this scenario, if all of its depositors leave, the bank...

We study capital regulation in a dynamic banking model with non-maturing deposits. Optimal withdrawals of depositors make bank deposits endogenously long-term. Capital regulation addresses deposit dilution but is subject to a time-inconsistency problem. Comparing the optimal policies of...