Heterogeneous interconnections, which link regulated electricity markets to liberalised ones, are becoming increasingly important. Several such interconnections are set to be established in the near future especially between European and North African countries (e.g., Tunisia-Italy,...

European electricity markets are in the midst of unprecedented changes-caused by Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the rise of renewable sources of energy. Using high-frequency data, this paper investigates volatility spillovers across 24 countries in the European Union (EU) during the period...

This paper studies the volatility of electricity spot prices in the Nordic market (Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and Norway) under regime switching. Utilizing Markov-switching GARCH (Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity) models, we provide strong evidence of nonlinear regime...

The electricity industry is undergoing a transformative evolution driven by three overarching trends: decentralization, digitalization, and decarbonization (3Ds). To ensure access to clean, affordable, and reliable energy for all by 2030 - UN sustainable development goal 7 (SDG7) - countries...

This paper estimates the effect of electricity prices on firm performance, focusing on firm productivity, sales, and employment. Using the World Bank Business Pulse Survey data for a sample of 24 emerging markets and developing economies during 2019-23, the paper estimates the average effect and...

How does electricity market integration affect cross-border electricity flows, wholesale prices and renewable electricity generation? We employ a synthetic control method to contribute to literature on electricity market integration using the 2018 integration of Ireland's Single Electricity...

This study investigates how credit to firms responds to an energy price shock by comparing the credit growth of similar firms with different energy intensities before and after the shock triggered by the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Credit growth of energy-intensive firms declined by 8.75...

This paper studies the effects of country-specific energy prices on food consumer price inflation (CPI) within a cross-country Phillips curve framework. It considers a panel of 36 OECD member and candidate economies using quarterly data from the start of 1994 to the end of 2021. We find that...

In sheer quantity, the five original BRICS countries appear impressive. They account for a substantial share of the world's population, economy, trade and muster large militaries. In January 2024, BRICS gained even more steam, by admitting four new member states that participated in the most...

Energy storage, encompassing not only the storage of electricity but also the storage of energy in various forms such as heat and chemicals, is a linchpin in the movement toward a decarbonized energy sector, due to its myriad roles in fortifying grid reliability, facilitating the integration of...

The design of the power market determines how the sector can address complex economic, social, environmental, and engineering challenges to deliver sustainable and reliable electricity at least cost to consumers. This is no simple task, as supply and demand must be balanced every second,...

We study the potential effects on the real economy and welfare of four fiscal policy responses to an energy supply shock: energy vouchers to all households, only to lowincome households, or to non-energy goods producers, and subsidies for investments in the energy sector. The analysis relies on...

This study probes the relationship between price and traded volume in electricity exchanges worldwide. Deploying the generalised method of moments estimation on panel data from the day-ahead market of exchanges in 20 countries for the period 2015-2020, this study finds that an increase in the...

This is the version 3.1 of Data Exchange Reference Architecture - DERA 3.1. The BRIDGE report on energy data exchange reference architecture aims at contributing to the discussion about and the practical steps towards truly interoperable and business process agnostic data exchange arrangements...

This report delves into the role of distribution systems in the flexibility needs assessments (FNAs) that will be part of national and pan-European assessments by 2026, as stated in the recently adopted Electricity Market Design Regulation. Transmission System Operators (TSOs) and Distribution...

After the beginning of the war in Ukraine, energy prices in Germany increased drastically. The paper analyses responses of German firms to this energy price shock. A variety of measures and reactions at the firm-level are explored, such as substituting machinery and equipment by less energy...

During the energy crisis in 2022, electricity prices in Germany soared to unprecedented levels. To explore the drivers of the high electricity prices, we develop an electricity dispatch model that simulates hourly equilibrium prices under the assumption of perfect competition. We then extend...

We study how monetary policy shapes the aggregate and distributional effects of an energy price shock. Based on the observed heterogeneity in consumption exposures to energy and household wealth, we build a quantitative small open-economy HANK model that matches salient features of the Euro Area...

We study how monetary policy shapes the aggregate and distributional effects of an energy price shock. Based on the observed heterogeneity in consumption exposures to energy and household wealth, we build a quantitative small open-economy HANK model that matches salient features of the Euro Area...

The objective of this study is to provide insights into the development of the trans-European energy infrastructure in the transition period 2030-2050. In particular, the study focusses on the development of the electricity grid, dedicated hydrogen networks incl. repurposing existing natural gas...

The electricity sector plays a key role in achieving zero-emission targets. The required transition will lead to substantial changes in the supply, demand, and distribution of electricity but also in stakeholder roles. Future market designs may change substantially to accommodate these changes,...