Since oil was discovered in the 1960s, Oman’s economy and living standards have improved significantly. Yet, it has also created a vulnerable economic structure, with economic growth and external and fiscal balances being highly sensitive to oil price swings. While current diversification...

Tax incentives play a crucial role in enhancing firm dynamism and aiding a nation in becoming a significant trade power. Drawing on data from the Annual Survey of Industrial Firms Database and the Chinese Customs Database for the period 2010 to 2013, this study employs a...

Research background: Two main theoretical patterns of exports diversification have evolved in development economics: the intensive- and extensive-export margins. Myriads of studies have assessed the relative merits of both patterns of diversification in promoting economic growth. Empirical...

Numerous studies have explored the possible causes of global carbon emissions and climate change; however, the impact of export diversification and concentration on these emissions is a less examined topic in literature. This study investigates the effects of export diversification and...

Vietnam's path to sustainable and innovative growth increasingly depends on how effectively it diversifies and repositions its export portfolio in the global market, or how the country "brand" itself through its exports to the world. Using data from UN Comtrade, we construct the Product Space...

Motivated by Qatar's Third National Development Strategy, this note discusses ingredients for boosting export diversification and growth potential. Drawing on cross-country experiences and empirical analyses, we shed light on how successful policies supported building human capital and economic...

The toolkit provides practical knowledge about systemic integration of economic diversification into policy making with a focus on tools and examples, as well as an overview of the key sectors for future development.

Recent evidence shows that imports of critical products can be concentrated on a small number of supplier countries. Such supplies are therefore vulnerable to disruption, whether because unfriendly governments seek to weaponize dependency or for other reasons. In a laissez-faire equilibrium,...

In retaliating against Trump’s March 2025 imposition of import tariffs on EU aluminum and steel, the EU’s response should be twofold: one, at the EU level, to apply retaliatory tariffs and negotiations, and two, to support country-level efforts to minimize the impact of tariffs, including...

Vietnam’s path to sustainable and innovative growth increasingly depends on how effectively it diversifies and repositions its export portfolio in the global market, or how the country “brand” itself through its exports to the world. Using data from UN Comtrade, we construct the Product...

Despite the deployment of several export promotion and diversification strategies in Africa, poverty remains high. Therefore, this paper examines the effect of export diversification on poverty. The dynamic panel data approach is used to estimate data for 30 selected African countries between...

Foreign trade is a major factor in a country's economic development since it facilitates the integration of the national economy into the global system by granting access to foreign resources, technologies, and markets. In the context of globalisation, economic processes are constantly changing,...

Using time series data from 1945 to 2023, this paper develops stylized facts to trace the historical origins of the Philippines' narrow economic base. Econometric models are then estimated to analyze the drivers and benefits of economic diversification in the Philippines. The empirical results...

Thisstudy investigatesthe impact of pricing and export diversification on the resilience of Russian manufacturing firms within global value chains (GVCs) during two consecutive shocks: the COVID-19 pandemic and the sanctions of 2022. The research examines how pricing affects firms' ability to...

Largely because of its vast copper reserves, Chile's exports are highly concentrated on this low complexity product and this is often cited as a major drawback of its economic policy framework. However, its exogenous copper abundance conceals the country's success in developing non-mineral and...

Industrial policies pursued in many developing countries in the 1950s-1970s largely failed while the industrial policies of the Asian Miracles succeeded. We argue that a key factor of success is industrial policy with export orientation in contrast to import substitution. Exporting encouraged...

The effects of the betterment of enforced intellectual property rights (IPRs) provisions on services export diversification are investigated. The analysis used an unbalanced panel dataset of 76 developing countries over the period of 1970-2014. The empirical analysis is based on the feasible...

Comparative analysis of economic diversification paths in oil-producing countries and other commodity-dependent economies -- Country case studies, utilizing historical data on diversification over the past two decades -- Regional comparative analysis (based on regional groupings or sub-groupings...

Czechia is one of the most export-oriented countries, reaching high levels of economic complexity. However, its innovative capabilities remain limited. Taking these factors into consideration, we determined the country's optimal diversification path by identifying prospective export sectors...

With ready-made garments accounting for almost 85% of Bangladesh’s exports, limited export diversification remains a pressing issue for the country. This paper conducts a brief review of the literature to investigate potential explanations for why Bangladesh’s export revenue is heavily...